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Galileo, that’s who! For dogged determination and persistent pushing-forwardness in the face of adversity, obstacles, and the occasional technical difficulty. That there may be occasional confusion, as well, or mixed messages as to just what the future may bring, is certainly understandable. In fact, it is to be expected, given the circumstances. Let’s review the math. Two Two for the two launch vehicles that Galileo may use in the near future, Soyuz Fregat and Ariane 5. The Soyuz rocket can lift two satellites of the Galileo punching weight. The Ariane 5 rocket can carry four into space. Soyuz Fregat has a losing record so far with Galileo, being responsible for the August 2014 loosening of the first two full-operational capability (FOC) satellites into the dangerous Van Allen Belt. The first of these satellites has been successfully repositioned by the European Space Agency (ESA) into a mostly-but-not-totally useable orbit, and the second is currently en route to a similar spot. We do not wish to say we told you so, but we will. Back on March 26, 2014, we wrote on these virtual pages, “ESA’s year-end plan calls for two more dual-satellite launches in October and December on Russian Soyuz rockets — new partners to the Galileo dance, bringing perhaps new technical connectivity issues.” “Rockets are tricky,” said Tesla/SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, after his Falcon 9 Reusable rocket exploded over Texas at roughly the same time that Soyuz Fregat mis-delivered two Galileo satellites into wrong orbits. Musk meant tricky in actual operation, but we may also add, tricky in scheduling, in getting a cargo aboard a spacebound vehicle. Arianespace’s calendar is particularly filled with telecomm satellites impatient to be put aloft, with Ariane 5 being the preferred launcher of many. Soyuz availability, understandably, is somewhat more open. Four Four for the total of four Galileo satellites now orbiting and broadcasting useable signals at all times for all users. These four come from the in-orbit validation (IOV) generation. The two added FOC satellites, no longer in a bad orbit, now in a sort-of-pretty-good orbit, should be useable at some times, for some purposes, by some people. Peter Steigenberger and André Hauschild, researchers at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) / German Space Operations Center, wrote in this magazine in January that: “Despite the orbit injection error, the new Galileo FOC satellite has now been successfully activated and added to the Galileo constellation. Unfortunately, the current orbit is incompatible with the standard Galileo almanac format, which may cause restrictions for some commercial receiver types. “Nevertheless, the satellite can already be tracked by a wide range of geodetic receivers with existing firmware versions and it will, in fact, be possible to use the new satellite for diverse applications in surveying, precise positioning, and geodesy, as well as in general multi-GNSS studies. We now look forward to the activation of the second FOC satellite, which can be expected in early 2015 and will, for the first time, offer multi-frequency signals from a total of five Galileo satellites.” If you have four fully useable satellites and two partially useable satellites, what do you have? Does six = five functionally in this case? Or perhaps 5.5? Six Six for the oncoming new Galileo FOC satellites to be launched in 2015, according to some schedules and some official announcements. On a year-opening preview of operations given on Jan. 19, Thomas Reiter, Head of the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) in Darmstadt, Germany, outlined the launch schedule for Galileo in 2015. Six new FOC satellites in total: Galileo L4 with two on March 26 Galileo L5 with two in September Galileo L6 with two in December. Now, six satellites divided by three launch dates gives two satellites per launch. Seeming to indicate a Soyuz rocket for all three dates. Reiter did not mention any rocket by name, but this would be the inference. That’s putting a brave face on the situation. Back in May, Russia suffered its fifth rocket launch crash in the past four years, raising serious concerns about the reliability of Russian rockets and launch procedures. Subsequently, the August Galileo launch that went so wrong was controlled by Arianespace, but it did use the Russian equipment. It strains credulity that an omission or oversight in the system thermal analysis during stage design of a million-dollar rocket, designed to carry million-plus-dollar satellites in a 21st-century endeavor, could permit the creation of a thermal bridge between two feed lines, causing one of them to freeze during a crucial phase of space operations — but that is what apparently happened at some point at NPO Lavochkin in Russia, and that is what ultimately caused Galileo such misfortune. All parties concerned swear that this problem has been corrected in every other Soyuz Fregat, but who knows what other anomalies lie undiscovered therein? So putting all your 2015 money aboard Soyuzes is really rolling the marbles. Even if, as Elżbieta Bienkowska, Member of the EC in charge of Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs stated at this week’s 7th European Space Conference: EU Space Policy Confronted With the Rising Demand for Services and Applications, “We agreed to contract insurance for the next launches.” Eight Eight for the oncoming new Galileo FOC satellites to be launched in 2015, according to other schedules and other official announcements. “2015 will be a crucial year for the European space industry. We have big plans,” said Maros Sefcoviv, vice-president of the EC in charge of Energy Union, earlier at the very same 7th European Space conference, EU Space Policy Confronted With the Rising Demand for Services and Applications. “On the biggest one, we are planning five launches, which will bring up to space 10 satellites: eight for our Galileo constellation, and two for Copernicus. This is something that will put these programs over, I would say, over the edge, in a way, to be able to offer early services from Galileo, and to develop the program of Copernicus. It would prove the resilience and competitiveness of the European space industry, and its ability to serve the businesses, and what I think is most important, to offer new kinds of services to the citizens.” “For our flagship programs like Galileo and EGNOS, our priority must be to deliver services as soon as possible. That is why the satellites have to be delivered and operations must be ready as soon as possible.” Now, if you have eight satellites to go up in three launches, that would mean one of them has to go with four aboard. Thus, an Ariane 5 Galileo launch this year after all? Or possibly four Soyuz launches, although one more launch date could just just as hard to come by as a launch vehicle. Hard to tell. Very hard to tell. Extremely hard to tell, from the outside. Those who do not study history are condemned to repeat it, goes the dictum. Those who do study GNSS history, in this case, are likely only to repeat past pronouncements without any perceptible advance in clarity. Way, way back in March 2013, an EC program manager told GPS World, “Then, in 2014 [after four FOC satellites were to rise in 2013, which did not happen] we will see three Soyuz launches of two satellites each. We do not have the precise launch dates yet, but they are likely to be in April, June, and September. In December 2014, we expect to have the first launch using the Ariane 5 launcher, which is capable of deploying four satellites in one go. This means that by the end of 2014 Galileo will have deployed 18 satellites in orbit.” Now, the target has moved several times since then, and the schedule has slid accordingly. “In 2015, there will be two Ariane 5 launches, one in the middle of the year, one at the end, each carrying four satellites.” Six or Eight? Either number this year, we would surely appreciate. To return to Ms. Bienkowska, she left a little fudge room in her presentation: “We aim to launch at least six satellites this year.” Well, at least we are all moving forward. Resolutely. ——————————– I am indebted to Tim Reynolds, GPS World’s Brussels-based European correspondent, and to Peter de Selding, Paris bureau chief of SpaceNews, for their assistance in gathering diverse intelligence on this topic. Tim Reynolds will have an up-to-date view of this and other Galileo developments when we publish the next issue of the EAGER* newsletter at the end of March. Subscribe for free. * The European GNSS and Earth Observation Report
gps tracking device signal jammer half
Mastercraft 5104-18-2(uc) 23v 600ma power supply,noise generator are used to test signals for measuring noise figure,sanyo scp-10adt ac adapter 5.2vdc 800ma charger ite power suppl,i adaptor ac adapter 24vdc 1.9a 2 century cia2/g3 i.t.e power su,compaq up04012010 ac adapter 5v 2a 12v 2.3a laptop lcd power sup.motorola fmp5334a ac adapter 5v 560ma used micro usb.by activating the pki 6100 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off.sony vgp-ac19v35 ac adapter 19.5v dc 4.7a laptop power supply.tdc power da-18-45d-ei35 ac adapter 4.5v 0.4a 1.8va class 2 tran,basically it is way by which one can restrict others for using wifi connection.st-c-070-19000342ct replacement ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a acer lap,shenzhen rd1200500-c55-8mg ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5x9,kross st-a-090-003uabt ac adapter 15v 16v 18v (18.5v) 19v(19.5.micron nbp001088-00 ac adapter 18.5v 2.45a used 6.3 x 7.6 mm 4 p,apple m7783 ac adapter 24vdc 1.04a macintosh powerbook duo power.motorola plm4681a ac adapter 4vdc 350ma used -(+) 0.5x3.2x7.6mm,3g network jammer and bluetooth jammer area with unlimited distance.this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,proton spn-445a ac adapter 19vdc 2.3a used 2x5.5x12.8mm 90 degr.design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,altec lansing 9701-00535-1und ac adapter 15v dc 300ma -(+)- 2x5..d-link ams47-0501000fu ac adapter 5vdc 1a used (+)- 90° 2x5.5mm,dell adp-90fb ac adapter pa-9 20v 4.5a used 4-pin din connector,by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,jhs-e02ab02-w08a ac adapter 5v 12vdc 2a used 6pin din power supp,toshiba pa3083u-1aca ac adapter 15vdc 5a used-(+) 3x6..5mm rou.delta adp-15nh a power supply 30vdc 0.5a 21g0325 for lexmark 442,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.backpack ap14m ac dc dual voltge adapter 5v 1a 12vdc 0.75a 5pin,please see the details in this catalogue,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,hr05ns03 ac adapter 4.2vdc 600ma used -(+) 1x3.5mm battery charg,ttx23073001 ac adapter 5v 1a wallmount charger i.t.e power suppl.kensington k33403 ac dc power adapter 90w with usb port notebook,hon-kwang d7-10 ac adapter 7.5vdc 800ma used -(+) 1.7x5.5x12mm 9,qualcomm taaca0101 ac adapter 8.4vdc 400ma used power supply cha.ron gear rgd35-03006 ac adapter 3vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.15x2.5x10,artesyn ssl20-7660 ac dc adapter 5v 0.9a 12v 0.8a power supply.kingpro kad-01050101 ac adapter 5v 2a switching power supply.nexxtech tca-01 ac adapter 5.3-5.7v dc 350-450ma used special ph.Galaxy sed-power-1a ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 35w ch.leitch spu130-106 ac adapter 15vdc 8.6a 6pin 130w switching pow,cisco ad10048p3 ac adapter 48vdc 2.08a used 2 prong connector,braun 4729 ac adapter 250vac ~ 2.5a 2w class 2 power supply.i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),motorola ch610d walkie talkie charger only no adapter included u,starcom cnr1 ac dc adapter 5v 1a usb charger.philips 4203-035-77410 ac adapter 2.3vdc 100ma used shaver class.hp f1011a ac adapter 12vdc 0.75a used -(+)- 2.1x5.5 mm 90 degree,ad1250-7sa ac adapter 12vdc 500ma -(+) 2.3x5.5mm 18w charger120,delta adp-65hb bb ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used-(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-,car charger 2x5.5x10.8mm round barrel ac adapter.oem ad-0680 ac adapter 6vdc 800ma used -(+) 1.1x3.5x11mm round b,automatic telephone answering machine.fujifilm bc-60 battery charger 4.2vdc 630ma used 100-240v~50/60h,ibm dcwp cm-2 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a 08k8208 power supply laptops,nissyo bt-201 voltage auto converter 100v ac 18w my-pet,ss-05750 ac adapter 5vdc 750ma used mini usb connector travel,replacement pa-1700-02 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used straight round.delta adp-50hh ac adapter 19vdc 2.64a used -(+)- 3x5.5mm power s,dell pa-1131-02d ac adapter 19.5vdc 6.7aa 918y9 used -(+) 2.5x5.,usb a charger ac adapter 5v 1a wallmount us plug home power supp,motorola spn4474a ac adapter 7vdc 300ma cell phone power supply,1 w output powertotal output power.0335c2065 advent ac dc adapter 20v 3.25a charger power supply la.condor hka-09100ec-230 ac adapter 9vdc 1000ma 9va used 2.4x5.5mm.the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,and the meadow lake citizens on patrol program are dedicated to the reduction of crime and vandalism.smoke detector alarm circuit,ati eadp-20fb a ac adapter 5vdc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm new delta elec,motorola spn4366c ac adapter 8vdc 1a 0.5x2.3mm -(+) cell phone p,the em20 will debut at quectel stand #2115 during the consumer electronic show.p-056a rfu adapter power supply for use with playstation brick d,minolta ac-9 ac-9a ac adapter 4.2vdc 1.5a -(+) 1.5x4mm 100-240va,bellsouth u090050a ac adapter 9vac 500ma power supply class 2,41t-d09-500 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma 2x5.5mm -(+) 90° 9w power supp,phihong psa05r-050 ac adapter 5v 1a switching supply,foreen industries ltd. 28-d09-100 ac adapter 9v dc 100ma used 2,ibm 22p9003 ac adapter 16vdc 0-4.55a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5x11mm.liteon pa-1650-22 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used 1.7x5.4x11.2mm.
In-li yl-12-12 ac adapter 12vac 12va used ~(~) 2pin din female p,delta adp-40wb ac adapter 12vdc 3330ma -(+) 2x5.5mm used 100-240,this covers the covers the gsm and dcs,atc-frost fps2024 ac adapter 24vac 20va used plug in power suppl,ct std-1203 ac adapter -(+) 12vdc 3a used -(+) 2.5x5.4mm straigh,with its highest output power of 8 watt,belkin f5d4076-s v1 powerline network adapter 1 port used 100-12,finecom ah-v420u ac adapter 12v 2.5a power supply..
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