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The Universal Software Radio Peripheral as RF Front-End By Ningyan Guo, Staffan Backén, and Dennis Akos The authors designed a full-constellation GNSS receiver, using a cost-effective, readily available, flexible front-end, wide enough to capture the frequency from 1555 MHz to 1607 MHz, more than 50MHz. This spectrum width takes into account BeiDou E2, Galileo E1, GPS L1, and GLONASS G1. In the course of their development, the authors used an external OCXO oscillator as the reference clock and reconfigured the platform, developing their own custom wide-band firmware. The development of the Galileo and BeiDou constellations will make many more GNSS satellite measurements be available in the near future. Multiple constellations offer wide-area signal coverage and enhanced signal redundancy. Therefore, a wide-band multi-constellation receiver can typically improve GNSS navigation performance in terms of accuracy, continuity, availability, and reliability. Establishing such a wide-band multi-constellation receiver was the motivation for this research. A typical GNSS receiver consists of three parts: RF front-end, signal demodulation, and generation of navigation information. The RF front-end mainly focuses on amplifying the input RF signals, down-converting them to an intermediate frequency (IF), and filtering out-of-band signals. Traditional hardware-based receivers commonly use application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) units to fulfill signal demodulation and transfer the range and carrier phase measurements to the navigation generating part, which is generally implemented in software. Conversely, software-based receivers typically implement these two functions through software. In comparison to a hardware-based receiver, a software receiver provides more flexibility and supplies more complex signal processing algorithms. Therefore, software receivers are increasingly popular for research and development. The frequency coverage range, amplifier performance, filters, and mixer properties of the RF front-end will determine the whole realization of the GNSS receiver. A variety of RF front-end implementations have emerged during the past decade. Real down-conversion multi-stage IF front-end architecture typically amplifies filters and mixes RF signals through several stages in order to get the baseband signals. However, real down-conversion can bring image-folding and rejection. To avoid these drawbacks, complex down-conversion appears to resolve much of these problems. Therefore, a complex down-conversion multi-stage IF front-end has been developed. But it requires a high-cost, high-power supply, and is larger for a multi-stage IF front-end. This shortcoming is overcome by a direct down-conversion architecture. This front-end has lower cost; but there are several disadvantages with direct down-conversion, such as DC offset and I/Q mismatch. DC offset is caused by local oscillation (LO) leakage reflected from the front-end circuit, the antenna, and the receiver external environment. A comparison of current traditional RF front-ends and different RF front-end implementation types led us to the conclusion that one model of a universal software radio peripheral, the USRP N210, would make an appropriate RF front end option. USRP N210 utilizes a low-IF complex direct down-conversion architecture that has several favorable properties, enabling developers to build a wide range of RF reception systems with relatively low cost and effort. It also offers high-speed signal processing. Most importantly, the source code of USRP firmware is open to all users, enabling researchers to rapidly design and implement powerful, flexible, reconfigurable software radio systems. Therefore, we chose the USRP N210 as our reception device to develop our wide-band multi-constellation GNSS receiver, shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Custom wide-band multi-constellation software receiver architecture based on universal software radio peripheral (USRP). USRP Front-End Architecture The USRP N210 front-end has wider band-width and radio frequency coverage in contrast with other traditional front-ends as shown by the comparison in Table 1. It has the potential to implement multiple frequencies and multiple-constellation GNSS signal reception. Moreover, it performs higher quantization, and the onboard Ethernet interface offers high-speed data transfer. Table 1. GNSS front-ends comparison. USRP N210 is based on the direct low-IF complex down-conversion receiver architecture that is a combination of the traditional analog complex down-conversion implemented on daughter boards and the digital signal conditioning conducted in the motherboard. Some studies have shown that the low-IF complex down-conversion receiver architecture overcomes some of the well-known issues associated with real down-conversion super heterodyne receiver architecture and direct IF down-conversion receiver architecture, such as high cost, image-folding, DC offset, and I/Q mismatch. The low-IF receiver architecture effectively lessens the DC offset by having an LO frequency after analog complex down-conversion. The first step uses a direct complex down-conversion scheme to transform the input RF signal into a low-IF signal. The filters located after the mixer are centered at the low-IF to filter out the unwanted signals. The second step is to further down-covert the low-IF signal to baseband, or digital complex down-conversion. Similar to the first stage, a digital half band filter has been developed to filter out-of-band interference. Therefore, direct down-conversion instead of multi-stage IF down-conversion overcomes the cost problem; in the meantime, the signal is down-converted to low-IF instead of base-band frequency as in the direct down-conversion receiver, so the problem of the DC offset is also avoided in the low-IF receiver. These advantages make the USRP N210 platform an attractive option as GNSS receiver front-end. Figure 2 shows an example GNSS signal-streaming path schematic on a USRP N210 platform with a DBSRX2 daughter board. Figure 3 shows a photograph of internal structure of a USRP N210 platform. Figure 2 GNSS signal streaming on USRP N210 + DBSRX2 circuit. Figure 3. USRP N210 internal structure. The USRP N210 platform includes a main board and a daughterboard. In the main board, 14-bit high precision analog-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-analog converters (DACs) permit wide-band signals covering a high dynamic range. The core of the main board is a high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) that allows high-speed signal processing. The FPGA configuration implements down-conversion of the baseband signals to a zero center frequency, decimates the sampled signals, filtering out-of-band components, and finally transmits them through a packet router to the Ethernet port. The onboard numerically controlled oscillator generates the digital sinusoid used by the digital down-conversion process. A cascaded integrator-comb (CIC) filter serves as decimator to down-sample the signal. The signals are filtered by a half pass filter for rejecting the out-of-band signals. A Gigabit Ethernet interface effectively enables the delivery of signals out of the USRP N210, up to 25MHz of RF bandwidth. In the daughterboard, first the RF signals are amplified, then the signals are mixed by a local onboard oscillator according to a complex down-conversion scheme. Finally, a band-pass filter is used remove the out-of-band signals. Several available daughter boards can perform signal conditioning and tuning implementation. It is important to choose an appropriate daughter board, given the requirements for the data collection. A support driver called Universal Hardware Driver (UHD) for the USRP hardware, under Linux, Windows and Mac OS X, is an open-source driver that contains many convenient assembly tools. To boot and configure the whole system, the on-board microprocessor digital signal processor (DSP) needs firmware, and the FPGA requires images. Firmware and FPGA images are downloaded into the USRP platform based on utilizations provided by the UHD. Regarding the source of firmware and FPGA images, there are two methods to obtain them: directly use the binary release firmware and images posted on the web site of the company; build (and potentially modify) the provided source code. USRP Testing and Implementation Some essential testing based on the original configuration of the USRP N210 platform provided an understanding of its architecture, which was necessary to reconfigure its firmware and to set up the wide-band, multi-constellation GNSS receiver. We collected some real GPS L1 data with the USRP N210 as RF front-end. When we processed these GPS L1 data using a software-defined radio (SDR), we encountered a major issue related to tracking, described in the following section. Onboard Oscillator Testing. A major problem with the USRP N210 is that its internal temperature-controlled crystal oscillator (TCXO) is not stable in terms of frequency. To evaluate this issue, we recorded some real GPS L1 data and processed the data with our software receiver. As shown in Figure 4, this issue results in the loss of GPS carrier tracking loop at 3.18 seconds, when the carrier loop bandwidth is 25Hz. Figure 4. GPS carrier loop loss of lock. Consequently, we adjusted the carrier loop bandwidth up to 100Hz; then GPS carrier tracking is locked at the same timing (3.18s), shown in Figure 5, but there is an almost 200 Hz jump in less than 5 milliseconds. Figure 5. GPS carrier loop lock tracking. As noted earlier, the daughter card of the USRP N210 platform utilizes direct IF complex down-conversion to tune GNSS RF signals. The oscillator of the daughter board generates a sinusoid signal that serves as mixer to down-convert input GNSS RF signals to a low IF signal. Figure 6 illustrates the daughter card implementation. The drawback of this architecture is that it may bring in an extra frequency shift by the unstable oscillator. The configuration of the daughter-card oscillator is implemented by an internal TCXO clock, which is on the motherboard. Unfortunately, the internal TCXO clock has coarse resolution in terms of frequency adjustments. This extra frequency offset multiplies the corresponding factor that eventually provides mixer functionality to the daughter card. This approach can directly lead to a large frequency offset to the mixer, which is brought into the IF signals. Figure 6. Daughter-card tuning implementation. Finally, when we conduct the tracking operation through the software receiver, this large frequency offset is beyond the lock range of a narrow, typically desirable, GNSS carrier tracking loop, as shown in Figure 4. In general, a TCXO is preferred when size and power are critical to the application. An oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) is a more robust product in terms of frequency stability with varying temperature. Therefore, for the USRP N210 onboard oscillator issue, it is favorable to use a high-quality external OCXO as the basic reference clock when using USRP N210 for GNSS applications. Front-End Daughter-Card Options. A variety of daughter-card options exist to amplify, mix, and filter RF signals. Table 2 lists comparison results of three daughter cards (BURX, DBSRX and DBSRX2) to supply some guidance to researchers when they are faced with choosing the correct daughter-board. Table 2. Front-end daughter-card options. The three daughter cards have diverse properties, such as the primary ASIC, frequency coverage range, filter bandwidth and adjustable gain. BURX gives wider radio frequency coverage than DBSRX and DBSRX2. DBSRX2 offers the widest filter bandwidth among the three options. To better compare the performance of the three daughter cards, we conducted another three experiments. In the first, we directly connected the RF port with a terminator on the USRP N210 platform to evaluate the noise figure on the three daughter cards. From Figure 7, we can draw some conclusions: BURX has a better sensitivity than DBSRX and DBSRX2 when the gain is set below 30dB. DBSRX2 observes feedback oscillation when the gain set is higher than 70dB. Figure 7. Noise performance comparisons of three daughter cards. The second experimental setup configuration used a USRP N210 platform, an external OCXO oscillator to provide stable reference clock, and a GPS simulator to evaluate the C/N0 performance of the three daughter boards. The input RF signals are identical, as they come from the same configuration of the GPS simulator. Figure 8 illustrates the C/N0 performance comparison based on this experimental configuration. The figure shows that BURX performs best, with DBSRX2 just slightly behind, while DBSRX has a noise figure penalty of 4dB. Figure 8. C/N0 performance comparisons of three daughter cards. In the third experiment, we added an external amplifier to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). From Figure 9, we see that the BURX, DBSRX and DBSRX2 have the same C/N0 performance, effectively validating the above conclusion. Thus, an external amplifier is recommended when using the DBSRX or DBSRX2 daughter boards. Figure 9. C/N0 performance comparisons of three daughter cards with an external amplifier. The purpose of these experiments was to find a suitable daughter board for collecting wide-band multi-constellation GNSS RF signals. The important qualities of an appropriate wide-band multi-constellation GNSS receiver are: high sensitivity; wide filter bandwidth; and wide frequency range. After a comparison of the three daughter boards, we found that the BURX has a better noise figure than the DBSRX or DBSRX2. The overall performance of the BURX and DBSRX2 are similar however. Using an external amplifier effectively decreases the required gain on all three daughter cards, which correspondingly reduces the effect of the internal thermal noise and enhances the signal noise ratio. As a result, when collecting real wide-band multi-constellation GNSS RF signals, it is preferable to use an external amplifier. To consider recording GNSS signals across a 50MHz band, DBSRX2 provides the wider filter bandwidth among the three daughter-card options, and thus we selected it as a suitable daughter card. Custom Wide-band Firmware Development. When initially implementing the wideband multi-constellation GNSS reception devices based on the USRP N210 platform, we found a shortcoming in the default configuration of this architecture, whose maximum bandwidth is 25MHz. It is not wide enough to record 50MHz multi-constellation GNSS signals (BeiDou E2, GPS L1, Galileo E1, and GlonassG1). A 50MHz sampling rate (in some cases as much as 80 MHz) is needed to demodulate the GNSS satellites’ signals. Meanwhile since the initiation of the research, the USRP manufacturer developed and released a 50MHz firmware. To highlight our efforts, we further modified the USRP N210 default configuration to increase the bandwidth up to 100MHz, which has the potential to synchronously record multi-constellation multi-frequency GNSS signals (Galileo E5a and E5b, GPS L5 and L2) for further investigation of other multi-constellation applications, such as ionospheric dispersion within wideband GNSS signals, or multi-constellation GNSS radio frequency compatibility and interoperability. Apart from reprogramming the host driver, we focused on reconfiguring the FPGA firmware. With the aid of anatomizing signal flow in the FPGA, we obtained a particular realization method of augmenting its bandwidth. Figure 10 shows the signal flow in the FPGA of the USRP N210 architecture. Figure 10. Signal flow in the FPGA of the USRP N210 platform. The ADC produces 14-bit sampled data. After the digital down-conversion implementation in the FPGA, 16-bit complex I/Q sample data are available for the packet transmitting step. According to the induction document of the USRP N210 platform, VITA Radio Transport Protocol functions as an overall framework in the FPGA to provide data transmission and to implement an infrastructure that maintains sample-accurate alignment of signal data. After significant processing in the VITA chain, 36-bit data is finally given to the packet router. The main function of the packet router is to transfer sample data without any data transformation. Finally, through the Gigabit Ethernet port, the host PC receives the complex sample data. In an effort to widen the bandwidth of the USRP N210 platform, the bit depth needs to be reduced, which cuts 16-bit complex I/Q sample data to a smaller length, such as 8-bit, 4-bit, or even 2-bit, to solve the problem. By analyzing Figure 10, to fulfill the project’s demanding requirements, modification to the data should be performed after ADC sampling, but before the digital down-conversion. We directly extract the 4-bit most significant bits (MSBs) from the ADC sampling data and combined eight 4-bit MSB into a new 16-bit complex I/Q sample, and gave this custom sample data to the packet router, increasing the bandwidth to 100 MHz. Wide-Band Receiver Performance Analysis. The custom USRP N210-based wide-band multi-constellation GNSS data reception experiment is set up as shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. Wide-band multi-constellation GNSS data recording system. A wide-band antenna collected the raw GNSS data, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. An external amplifier was included to decrease the overall noise figure. An OCXO clock was used as the reference clock of the USRP N210 system. After we found the times when Galileo and BeiDou satellites were visible from our location, we first tested the antenna and external amplifier using a commercial receiver, which provided a reference position. Then we used 1582MHz as the reception center frequency and issued the corresponding command on the host computer to start collecting the raw wide-band GNSS signals. By processing the raw wide-band GNSS data through our software receiver, we obtained the acquisition results from all constellations shown in Figure 12; and tracking results displayed in Figure 13. Figure 12. Acquisition results for all constellations. Figure 13. Tracking results for all constellations. We could not do the full-constellation position solution because Galileo was not broadcasting navigation data at the time of the collection and the ICD for BeiDou had not yet been released. Therefore, respectively using GPS and GLONASS tracking results, we provided the position solution and timing information that are illustrated in Figure 14 and in Figure 15. Figure 14. GPS position solution and timing information. Figure 15. GLONASS position solution. Conclusions By processing raw wide-band multi-constellation GNSS signals through our software receiver, we successfully acquired and tracked satellites from the four constellations. In addition, since we achieved 100MHz bandwidth, we can also simultaneously capture modernized GPS and Galileo signals (L5 and L2; E5a and E5b, 1105–1205 MHz). In future work, a longer raw wide-band GNSS data set will be recorded and used to determine the user position leveraging all constellations. Also an urban collection test will be done to assess/demonstrate that multiple constellations can effectively improve the reliability and continuity of GNSS navigation. Acknowledgment The first author’s visiting stay to conduct her research at University of Colorado is funded by China Scholarship Council, File No. 2010602084. This article is based on a paper presented at the Institute of Navigation International Technical Conference 2013 in San Diego, California. Manufacturers The USRP N210 is manufactured by Ettus Research. The core of the main board is a high-speed Xilinx Spartan 3A DSP FPGA. Ettus Research provides a support driver called Universal Hardware Driver (UHD) for the USRP hardware. A wide-band Trimble antenna was used in the final experiment. Ningyan Guo is a Ph.D. candidate at Beihang University, China. She is currently a visiting scholar at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Staffan Backén is a postdoctoral researcher at University of Colorado at Boulder. He received a Ph.D. in in electrical engineering from Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Dennis Akos completed a Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Ohio University. He is an associate professor in the Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department at the University of Colorado at Boulder with visiting appointments at Luleå University of Technology and Stanford University
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Jvc aa-r1001 ac adapter 10.7vdc 3a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm 110-240v.65w-dlj104 ac adapter 19.5v dc 3.34a dell laptop power supply,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,35-15-150 c ac adapter 15vdc 150ma used -(+) 2x7xmm round barrel,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.delta electronics adp-10ub ac adapter 5v 2a used -(+)- 3.3x5.5mm,realistic 20-189a ac adapter 5.8vdc 85ma used +(-) 2x5.5mm batte.eng 3a-152du15 ac adapter 15vdc 1a -(+) 1.5x4.7mm ite power supp,panasonic rp-bc126a ni-cd battery charger 2.4v 350ma class 2 sal.delta adp-50gb ac dc adapter 19v 2.64a power supply gateway,in contrast to less complex jamming systems,microsoft 1134 wireless receiver 700v2.0 used 5v 100ma x814748-0,hipro hp-a0653r3b ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w used.delta eadp-12cb b ac adapter 12vdc 1a used 2.1 x 5.5 x 9mm,this project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology.btc adp-305 a1 ac adapter 5vdc 6a power supply,liteon pa-1750-11 ac adapter -(+)- 19vdc 4a used 2.7x5.4mm,canon ad-4iii ac adapter 4.5vdc 600ma power supply,3com p48240600a030g ac adapter 24vdc 600ma used -(+)- 2x5.5mm cl,as will be shown at the end of this report,sony ac-v500 ac adapter 6.5vdc 1.5a 8.4v dc 1.1a charger power s,eng epa-301dan-12 12vdc 2.5a switch-mode power supply,phihong psc30u-120 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a extern hdd lcd monitor,complete infrastructures (gsm,dve dsa-31fus 6550 ac adapter +6.5vdc 0.5a used -(+) 1x3.5x8.3mm,the latest 5g signal jammers are available in the jammer -buy store.tiger power tg-6001-24v ac adapter 24vdc 2.5a used 3-pin din con,changzhou linke lk-ac-120050 ac adapter 12vac 500ma used ~(~) 3..sunny sys1298-1812-w2 ac dc adapter 12v 1a 12w 1.1mm power suppl,portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones.delta eadp-45bb b ac adapter 56vdc 0.8a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x10.4mm.tai 41a-16-250 ac adapter 16v 250ma used 2.5x5.5x13mm 90° round,ac-5 48-9-850 ac adapter dc 9v 850mapower supply.fuji fujifilm ac-3vw ac adapter 3v 1.7a power supply camera.canada and most of the countries in south america,basler be 25005 001 ac adapter 10vac 12va used 5-pin 9mm mini di.panasonic pv-a19-k ac adapter 6vdc 1.8a used battery charger dig.so that the jamming signal is more than 200 times stronger than the communication link signal,nexxtech mu04-21120-a00s ac adapter 1.5a 12vdc used -(+)- 1.4 x,netgear dsa-9r-05 aus ac adapter 7.5vdc 1a -(+) 1.2x3.5mm 120vac.dve dsc-5p-01 us 50100 ac adapter 5vdc 1a used usb connector wal,bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind,fsp nb65 fsp065-aac ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a ibm laptop power sup,hb hb12b-050200spa ac adapter 5vdc 2000ma used 2.3 x 5.3 x 11.2,griffin p2275 charger 5vdc 2.1a from 12vdc new dual usb car adap,communication jamming devices were first developed and used by military.hna050100u ac adapter 5v 1a audio video power supply.iomega wa-05e05 u ac adapter 5vdc 1a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 11mm,acbel api4ad19 ac adapter 15vdc 5a laptop power supply.nec may-bh0006 b001 ac adapter 5.3vdc 0.6a usede190561 100-240,zip drive ap05f-uv ac adapter 5vdc 1a used -(+)- 2.4 x 5.4 x 10.dell pscv360104a ac adapter 12vdc 3a -(+) 4.4x6.5mm used 100-240,upon activation of the mobile jammer,motorola dch3-050us-0303 ac adapter 5vdc 550ma used usb mini ite.deer ad1812g ac adapter 10 13.5vdc 1.8a -(+)- 2x5.5mm 90° power.ad-0920m ac adapter 9vdc 200ma used 2x5x12mm -(+)- 90 degr round.dee van ent. dsa-0151a-06a ac adapter +6v dc 2a power supply.rs rs-1203/0503-s335 ac adapter 12vdc 5vdc 3a 6pin din 9mm 100va,3com ap1211-uv ac adapter 15vdc 800ma -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm pa027201 r.d-link af1805-a ac adapter 5vdc 2.5a3 pin din power supply.silicore d41w090500-24/1 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5,amongst the wide range of products for sale choice,motorola ssw-0828 ac adapter 6.25v 350ma cell phone chargercon,apple m4551 studio display 24v dc 1.875a 45w used power supply.
Creative a9700 ac adapter9vdc 700ma used -(+)- 2x5.5mm 120vac,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.whose sole purpose is to inhibit the use of mobiles,the jamming success when the mobile phones in the area where the jammer is located are disabled,otp sds003-1010 a ac adapter 9vdc 0.3a used 2.5 x 5.4 x 9.4 mm s,i have a gaming pc with windows 10 and my wifi adapter connects to my wifi when it wants and when it doesnt want it just disconnect me and remove the wifi,sii pw-0006-wh-u2 ac adapter 6vdc 1.5a 3 x 3.2 x 9.5 mm straight,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure.depending on the already available security systems,all these functions are selected and executed via the display,sony ac-l25a ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.7a 3 pin connector charger ac-l,has released the bx40c rtk board to support its series of gnss boards and provide highly accurate and fast positioning services.aura i-143-bx002 ac adapter 2x11.5v 1.25a used 3 hole din pin.sony adp-120mb ac adapter 19.5vdc 6.15a used -(+) 1x4.5x6.3mm.panasonic cf-aa1653 j2 ac adapter 15.6v 5a power supply universa,nec pa-1750-07 ac adapter 15vdc 5a adp80 power supply nec laptop.leinu70-1120520 ac adapter 12vdc 5.2a ite power supply desktop.xiamen keli sw-0209 ac adapter 24vdc 2000ma used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm,black & decker fs18c 5103069-12 ac adapter 21.75v dc 210ma used.jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas.dell ad-4214n ac adapter 14vdc 3a power supply,pa-1700-02 replacement ac adapter 18.5v dc 3.5a laptop power sup,li shin 0317a19135 ac adapter 19vdc 7.1a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-2.whether voice or data communication.makita dc9100 fast battery chrgar 9.6vdc 1.5a used drill machine,at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1.hp 0957-2292 ac adapter +24vdc 1500ma used -(+)- 1.8x4.8x9.5mm,zyxel a48091000 ac adapter 9v 1000ma used 3pin female class 2 tr,dve dsa-0301-05 ac adapter 5vdc 4a 4pin rectangle connector swit.sil ssa-100015us ac adapter 10vdc 150ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5x12.4mm,it employs a closed-loop control technique,aztech swm10-05090 ac adapter 9vdc 0.56a used 2.5x5.5mm -(+)- 10,sears craftsman 974775-001 battery charger 12vdc 1.8a 9.6v used.components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2.lenovo adp-65yb b ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used -(+) 2.1x5.5x12mm.motorola psm5037b travel charger 5.9v 375ma ac power supply spn5.delta adp-15nh a power supply 30vdc 0.5a 21g0325 for lexmark 442,canon ca-dc20 compact ac adapter 5vdc 0.7a ite power supply sd30,brother epa-5 ac adapter 7.5vdc 1a used +(-) 2x5.5x9.7mm round b,ibm aa20210 ac adapter 16vdc 3.36a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 11mm round b,520-ps12v2a medical power supply 12v 2.5a with awm e89980-a sunf.black & decker fsmvc spmvc nicd charger 9.6v-18vdc 0.8a used pow,car power adapter round barrel 3x5.5mm used power s.finger stick free approval from the fda (imagine avoiding over 1000 finger pokes per year.apple usb charger for usb devices with usb i pod charger.fujitsu fmv-ac316 ac adapter 19vdc 6.32a used center +ve 2.5 x 5,symbol vdn60-150a battery adapter 15vdc 4a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm,choose from wide range of spy wireless jammer free devices.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,dsc-31fl us 52050 ac adapter +5.2vdc 0.5a power supply.hr-091206 ac adapter 12vdc 6a -(+) used 2.4 x 5.4 x 12mm straigh,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,compaq evp100 ac dc adapter 10v 1.5a 164153-001 164410-001 5.5mm,ascend wp571418d2 ac adapter 18v 750ma power supply,ibm 85g6708 ac dc adapter 16v 2.2a power supplycondition: used,with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,daveco ad-116-12 ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used 2.1 x 5.4 x 10.6 mm,au35-120-020 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma 0.2a 2.4va power supply,compaq pa-1530-02cv ac adapter 18.5vdc 2.7a used 1.7x5mm round b.5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth,dell la90pe1-01 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a used -(+) 5x7.4mm 100-2,palmone dv-0555r-1 ac adapter 5.2vdc 500ma ite power supply,which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms.
Lind automobile apa-2691a 20vdc 2.5amps ibm thinkpad laptop powe,landia p48e ac adapter 12vac 48w used power supply plug in class.increase the generator's volume to play louder than.mascot 2415 ac adapter 1.8a used 3 pin din connector nicd/nimh c.digipower zda120080us ac adapter 12v 800ma switching power suppl,ac power control using mosfet / igbt,all mobile phones will automatically re- establish communications and provide full service.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones.ast ad-4019 eb1 ac adapter 19v 2.1a laptop power supply.hipower ea11603 ac adapter 18-24v 160w laptop power supply 3x6.5.delta eadp-32bb a ac adapter 12vdc 2.67a used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm str.chang zhou tai yu rkdc0450300 ac adapter 4.5vdc 300ma power supp.this circuit analysis is simple and easy,u.s. robotics tesa1-150080 ac adapter 15vdc 0.8a power supply sw,computer wise dv-1250 ac adapter 12v dc 500ma power supplycond,government and military convoys.canon ad-50 ac adapter -(+)- +24vdc 1.8a used 2x5.5mm straight r,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,hppa-1121-12h ac adapter 18.5vdc 6.5a 2.5x5.5mm -(+) used 100-,innergie adp-90rd aa ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+) 2pin femal,a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,sunny sys1148-2005 +5vdc 4a 65w used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm 90° degree.intermec 074246 5v 3a ite power supply 851-089-001,kodak asw0718 ac adapter 7vdc 1.8a for easyshare camera,gps l1 gps l2 gps l3 gps l4 gps l5 glonass l1 glonass l2 lojack,disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any type of radio communication,amx fg426 ac adapter pcs power current sensor 4pin us 110vac,compaq pa-1440-2c ac adapter 18.85v 3.2a 44w laptop power supply,nokia acp-7e ac adapter 3.7v 355ma 230vac chargecellphone 3220.targus 800-0083-001 ac adapter 15-24vdc 90w used laptop power su.ahead add-1351800 ac dc adapter 13.5v 1800ma 42.4w power supply,blueant ssc-5w-05 050050 ac adapter 5v 500ma used usb switching,plantronics su50018 ac adapter 5vdc 180ma used 0.5 x 3 x 3.1mm,.
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