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Downtown Seattle, a typical test-case environment. Multi-Constellations Working in a Dense Urban Future GNSS receivers in cell phones will soon support four or more satellite constellations and derive additional location measurements from other sources: cellular location, MEMS sensors, Wi-Fi, and others. The authors propose test standards covering these sources, meeting industry requirements for repeatable testing while considering the user experience. By Peter Anderson, Esther Anyaegbu, and Richard Catmur Cellular location test standards include well-defined and widely used standards for GPS-based systems in both the 3rd Generation Partnership Program cellular technologies of GSM/WCDMA/LTE, typically referenced as the 3GPP standards, and for CDMA technologies in the 3GPP2 standards. These standards provide a reference benchmark for location performance in the laboratory, when the unit under test is directly connected to the test system via a coax connection. In addition, standards are being rolled out, such as the CTIA ­— The Wireless Association total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) requirement, for over-the-air (OTA) testing and developed further with LTE A-GPS OTA using SUPL 2.0. These tests are typically performed in an anechoic chamber and allow the performance of the antenna to be included. Recently developed standards such as the 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 37.571-1 cover multi-constellation systems, typically GPS and GLONASS for a two-constellation system, or GPS, GLONASS and Galileo for a three-constellation system, with options for additionally supporting QZSS and space-based augmentation system (SBAS) satellites. During 2014, the standards will encompass additional constellations such as the BeiDou satellite system. Figure 1A. GNSS systems available in the 2015-2020 timescale. Figure 1B. GNSS systems available in the 2015-2020 timescale. Significant change is also happening with the additional technologies such as cellular location, Wi-Fi, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors providing location information. Hybrid solutions using all/any available location information from these multiple technologies present significant challenges to both the test environment and the related test standards. The acceptance levels required for the platform integrators and their customers are becoming much more stringent, as the use cases of the location become more diverse. These present further challenges to the performance requirements for test standards for cellular location. Measuring Performance The rapid growth in the GNSS applications market has driven users to demand improvements in the performance and reliability of GNSS receivers. The test standards currently employed by cellular phone and network manufacturers to evaluate the performance of GNSS receivers are even more stringent than the regulatory mandates for positioning of emergency callers and other location-based services. Emergency-call positioning is an example of a service that must provide a position fix in both outdoor and indoor environments. A user’s experience with a GNSS receiver begins when he switches on the device. The quality of his experience defines the basic performance criteria used to assess the performance of a GNSS receiver. How long did it take to get a position fix? How accurate is the position fix? When the fix is lost, how long did it take the device to reacquire satellites and re-compute the fix? These expectations  define the performance of the GNSS receiver. Manufacturers use these performance metrics to compare the performance of different GNSS receivers. The receiver’s time-to-first-fix (TTFF) depends on the initial conditions; that is, the type of acquisition aiding data (almanac data, ephemerides, knowledge of time and frequency, and so on) available to the receiver when it is switched on. Users now expect location-based applications to work regardless of where they are and whether they are in a fixed location or on the move. They expect the same level of performance when they are indoors at home or at work, as outdoors in a rural or urban environment. This has led to an increased demand for accurate and reliable outdoor and indoor positioning. Reacquisition time — how quickly a receiver recovers when the user goes through a pedestrian underpass or under a tunnel or a bridge, for instance — is not tested in any of the existing test standards discussed here. The useable sensitivity of any GNSS receiver is key to its performance. It defines the availability of a GNSS positioning fix. The acquisition sensitivity defines the minimum received power level at which the receiver can acquire satellites and compute a position fix, while the tracking sensitivity of a receiver defines the minimum received power level at which a GNSS receiver is still able to track and maintain a position fix. Different applications use different criteria to characterize the performance of a GNSS receiver. In an E911 scenario, for instance, position accuracy and response time are critical, whereas for navigation while driving, accuracy and tracking sensitivity are important. The test criteria employed by different manufacturers are intended to verify the suitability of a particular device for the required application. The initial test conditions are defined by the manufacturers to ensure that the different devices are tested in the same way. These conditions describe how the test sessions are started, and what acquisition aiding data are available at the start of the test session. The main divisions among performance tests are: Laboratory-based tests, either conducted versus OTA RF testing, or simulated versus record-and-playback signal testing. Real-world testing (field testing). This can be difficult because the test conditions are never the same. Fortunately, it is possible to record these scenarios using an RF data recorder. This allows the same real-world scenario (with the same test conditions) to be tested repeatedly in the lab. Static scenario testing versus moving scenario testing. Comparison tests — relative testing (comparing one receiver against another): for reported signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), reported accuracy, and repeatability tests. Current GNSS Test Standards Varying performance requirements test the TTFF, accuracy, multipath tolerance, acquisition, and tracking sensitivity of the GNSS receiver. The first three following are industry-defined test standards: 3GPP2 CDMA Performance Standards. The 3GPP2 CDMA test standards (C.S0036-A) are similar to the 3GPP test standards. The 3GPP2 is for CDMA cellular systems, which are synchronized to GPS time. 3GPP GNSS Performance Standards. The latest 3GPP TS 37.571-1 test standard describes the tests for the minimum performance requirements for GNSS receivers that support multi-constellations. It is slightly more stringent than the original 3GPP TS 34.171 test standard. In the 3GPP TS 37.571-1 coarse-time sensitivity test case, signals for only six satellites are generated, whereas in the TS 34.171 coarse-time sensitivity scenario, signals for eight satellites are generated. Table 1 shows the power levels and satellite allocation for a multi-constellation 3GPP TS 37.571-1 coarse-time sensitivity test case. In this scenario, the pilot signal will always be GPS, if GPS is supported. The signal level of the pilot signal for GPS and GLONASS have been set as –142 dBm, while the non-pilot signal level for GPS and GLONASS have been set as –147 dBm. Table 1. 3GPP TS 37.571-1 Satellite allocation. For the 3GPP TS 37.571-1 fine-time assistance test case, six satellites are generated. For the dual-constellation fine-time test, the split is 3+3, and for a triple-constellation test case, the split is 2+2+2, as shown in Table 2. Table 2. 3GPP TS 37.571-1 fine-time satellite allocation. OTA Requirements. Testing standards have been rolled out for OTA testing, where the testing is typically performed in an anechoic chamber, allowing antenna performance to be included, with tests for the receive sensitivity referenced to an isotropic antenna and over partial summations such as the upper hemisphere. They measure the TIS of the final receiver, and operator requirements typically require  OTA acquisition sensitivity of –140 dBm and tracking sensitivity of –145 dBm or lower. Other modified test standards used by manufacturers to assess the performance of the GNSS receiver include: Nominal Accuracy Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP nominal accuracy test case. All signals are reduced in steps of 1 dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. Dynamic Range Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP dynamic range test case. All signals are reduced in steps of 1 dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. Sensitivity Coarse-Time Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP sensitivity coarse-time test case. Both the pilot and non-pilot signals are reduced in steps of 1dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. Pilot Sensitivity Coarse-Time Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP coarse-time sensitivity test case. The non-pilot signals are always kept at –152 dBm while the signal level of the pilot signal is reduced in steps of 1 dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. Non-Pilot Sensitivity Coarse-Time Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP coarse-time sensitivity test case. In this test, the pilot signal is always kept at –142 dBm while the signal levels of the other seven non-pilot signals are reduced in steps of 1 dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. These modified performance tests are used because they map directly to the end-user’s experience in the real world, measuring the position accuracy, response time, and sensitivity of the GNSS receiver. Current Equipment. The equipment required for the current test standards are all GNSS multi-satellite simulator-based, either using a single constellation (for GPS), or a multi-constellation GNSS simulator as a component of a larger cellular test system. Limitation of Current Standards So far, tests for GNSS in cellular devices have been very much customer/manufacturer specific, starting with 3GPP-type tests, but adding to them. Each will have its own preferred type of tests, with different configurations and types of tests. They have included primarily GNSS simulator tests, either directly connected to the device under test or using radiated signals, together with some corner cases. With chips such as the ST-Ericsson CG1960 GNSS IC, this means that different tests need to be performed for each customer. Typically the tests are focused on cold or hot TTFF type tests, or sensitivity type tests. Live signal tests have typically been used for drive tests, with a receiver being driven around an appropriate test route, normally in an urban environment. More recently RF replays have become much more widely used, but do require truth data to give validity. RF replay tests are typically used for specific difficult routes for urban drive tests or pedestrian tests. The 3GPP types of test standards were developed to provide a simple set of repeatable tests. However, they are idealistic, and they do not relate closely to any real-world scenario, and the test connection is defined to be at the antenna port of the system. In reality, different manufacturers and network operator standards take these tests as a given, and define margins on the tests to allow for typical losses due to antennas and implementation on a platform. These margins might be as much as 8 or 10 dB. In addition, manufacturers and network operators define their own variants of the 3GPP tests to match typical real-world usage cases, such as deep indoor. Challenges Current location test specifications assume that the key input to the location calculation is always the GPS constellation. With the rise of additional constellations and alternative location sources, and the challenges of the urban environment, GPS will be one of many different inputs to the location position. The key for the future will be for standards focused on testing location performance, irrespective of which constellations are visible, and also being able to fully test the system performance. Tests will be suggested that allow the basic functionality of a system to be checked, but can be enhanced to stress-test the performance of a receiver. As future location systems will use all available inputs to produce a location, there will be challenges to the supporting test standards and test equipment to handle all of these in parallel. The initial challenge for location test standards has been the use of GNSS constellations in addition to GPS. Current leading GNSS receivers in cellular devices make use of GPS, GLONASS, SBAS, and QZSS, and network-aiding information for A-GLONASS is being rolled out in the cellular networks. The 3GPP TS 37.571-1 specification has been derived from the original GPS-only specification TS 34.171, with the addition of GLONASS and Galileo constellation options. These allow single-, dual-, or triple-constellation tests to be performed. If there is GPS in the system, then GPS is viewed as the primary constellation, and tests like the sensitivity coarse-time assistance test would have a satellite from the GPS constellation with the highest signal level. The test standards also accommodate the use of some satellites from SBAS such as WAAS and QZSS. These tests require that the performance shall be met without the use of any data coming from sensors that can aid the positioning. This is only the first stage in the rollout of new GNSS constellations, and in the near future, GNSS receivers in cellular phones will support four or more constellations, and possibly also on frequencies additional to the L1 band, covering some or all of: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou Phase 2, BeiDou Phase 3, QZSS, SBAS, and IRNSS. Table 3. Suggested four-constellation mix (Pilot signal to rotate round constellations). The challenge for the minimum-performance specifications is to accommodate these different constellations as they become fully available. For the new constellations, this will initially be purely simulator-based, but could be extended to use of live data for certain test cases as the constellations are built up. A further challenge for the test specifications is that some of the systems are regionally based, so a performance specification based on a global approach is not applicable. Further, tests must be severe enough to stress the receiver. With multiple constellations, it can be simple to pass a test without using all available satellites or constellations. Other Location Sources (Hybrid Solution). Within the cellular platform, location can be provided by a number of different technologies, either separately or compositely, to provide a location to the accuracy required by the user. Technologies currently available include: Cellular network: cell ID and cell network triangulation LTE Positioning Protocol Fine time assistance (for aiding) Wi-Fi network name (service set identifier, or SSID) Wi-Fi ranging MEMS sensors Near-field communication Bluetooth Pseudolites, other beacons, coded LED lights, and so on. Real-World Environments. Measuring performance in a real environment is becoming much more important, as the user experience becomes much more key. The product must not only pass particular specifications, but must also meet customer expectations. In the age of the blog, negative customer feedback can damage a product’s reputation. But with the various GNSS constellations and other sources of location information, performance testing is growing significantly in complexity, and test standards needed to cover this complexity will also become more complex. The simple user criteria could be stated as “I want the system to provide a rapid, accurate position wherever I am.” But how accurate? The end-user of a location system does not use a GNSS simulator with clean signals, but a location device with live signals, often in difficult environments. This has been recognized by platform integrators, and live test routes for both urban drive and urban pedestrian routes are now required. The performance required of the receiver in these locations has also changed, from “just need to get a fix of limited accuracy” to getting accurate location information, both from a fix (even from a cold start in a built-up area), to continuous navigation (better than 30-meter accuracy 99 percent of the time) throughout a test run. Typical environments for these test cases include locales in many major cities, such as the environment in the OPENING PHOTO  of Seattle and one shown here of Seoul, Korea. Seoul, Korea, a typical test-case environment. Coexistence and Interference. Recent controversies have raised the profile of GNSS interference from other wireless technologies. However, within the cellular platform, significant coexistence and potential interference issues are already present. These can occur due to adjacent channel interference, or from harmonics of cellular frequencies on the platform, for example, the second harmonic of the uplink channel for LTE Band 13 overlays the BeiDou-2 frequency of 1561MHz, and the second harmonics of both Bands 13 and 14 create out-of-band emissions in the GPS band (Figures 2 and 3). Figure 2. BeiDou and LTE bands 13/14. Figure 3. GPS and LTE bands 13/14. Test Proliferation. The increase in the number of GNSS constellations together with the use of other location sources to provide a hybrid solution could increase the number of tests to be performed exponentially. When this is then combined with the need to test over a range of simulated and real-world locations, together with customer specific requirements, a set of tests could easily take weeks to run. It is therefore important to ensure that the cellular location test standards are carefully constructed to not significantly proliferate the number and time for tests to be performed. Future Test Equipment A new generation of test equipment is emerging to meet the new challenges and requirements of multi-constellation GNSS and hybrid location systems. These include: GNSS Simulators. Simulators currently provide up to three GNSS constellations, together with augmentation systems. With the roll-out of BeiDou-2, four-constellation simulators will now be required. Currently all GNSS devices integrated in cellular platforms use the L1 band. This will also potentially change to multi-frequency use. The appropriate GNSS simulator will need to be included in the cellular test system. New Hybrid Test Systems. As the need for testing hybrid positioning systems in cellular devices emerges, hybrid location test systems (HLTS) are becoming available that can simulate and test hybrids of A-GNSS, Wi-Fi, MEMS sensors, and cellular positioning technologies, all in one system. Today, these test systems use separate simulators for the different individual technologies (like GNSS, Wi-Fi, and so on), but these are now being merged into multi-system simulators that combine a number of different technologies into one device (see Figure 4). RF Replay. The use of RF replay units for replicating live trials is already widespread. This will extend with further constellations and further frequency bands. The advantages of using RF recorded data include: Gives real-world data, which if the location is chosen carefully will stress the device under test; Allows use of recorded test data from several/many urban locations; Good for drive and pedestrian test applications; Will be integrated in the HLTS type of test system. The disadvantages of using RF recorded data include: Results not deterministic; Taken at one point in time, do not allow for future development of satellite constellations; Proprietary recording devices, difficult to define a standard; Need to include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to get accurate truth data. The difficulties of using RF replays include: Successfully integrating all the signal environment (cellular, Wi-Fi, MEMS, and so on); Multiple runs required to give reliable data (for example, 13 runs at different times of day to give a range of satellite geometry and user speed, between rush hour and middle of night); Multiple locations required to stress the system; Test time can be up to a day of real-time testing to re-run tests on one location. Proposal for Hybrid Positioning Tests should include a mixture of simulator-based tests, RF-replay-based tests, and live tests. This would comprise the following suite: GNSS Performance Tests. The 3GPP type of tests (TS 37.571-1) are a good starting point for a minimum performance test, but they rely on the person running the test to define the number of constellations. To automate this, there could be a single test at the start of each test sequence to identify which constellations are supported (one to four), and then the formal test run for that mix of constellations. The constellations supported should be reported as part of the test report. An option should be provided to allow margin tests for specific tests to be run, and these should again be reported in a standard method in the test report, specifying how far the device under test exceeds the 3GPP test. The typical margins expected for a GPS-only test would be between 8 and 10 dB in the 2014 timeframe. For a multi-constellation test, it will depend on the specific constellations used, but could be between 5 and 8 dB margin. Ideally, a multipath scenario should be created that more closely matches the environment seen in a real urban environment. Hybrid Location Tests. The main purpose of the hybrid location test is to prove that the different components of a cellular platform providing location are all operating correctly. A basic test would provide a sequence where the different combinations providing location are tested for correct operation separately, and then together. This would not be envisaged as a complete stress test, but each technology should be running in a mode where a location solution is not simple. A simple example sequence of tests would be: GNSS performance test; Cell ID static test; Wi-Fi SSID static test Cell ID and Wi-Fi SSID static test Cell ID and GNSS static test (GNSS –142 dBm)  Wi-Fi SSID and GNSS static test (GNSS –142 dBm) Cell ID, Wi-Fi SSID, and GNSS static test (GNSS –142 dBm) Cell ID, Wi-Fi SSID, GNSS, and sensors moving test. See how easily tests can proliferate! A more stringent test could then be performed to stress-test the performance if required, and if required a playback test could be performed (see RF Replay test below). The additional location sources can also aid in providing initial states and information for the position-determination system, in addition to the common assisted-GNSS information provided by the network. This will be particularly important in indoor and other environments where GNSS performance is compromised. Further developments such as the LTE Positioning Protocol Extensions (LPPe) from the Open Mobile Alliance will also allow the sending of additional information to the device to improve the accuracy of the position. This additional information could include accurate time, altitude information, and other parameters. Future assistance standards should enhance the use of this information, and test standards should verify the correct use of this information. RF Replay (or Playback) Tests. GNSS performance is statistical, and it is important to ensure that any tests have sufficient breadth and repetition to ensure statistical reliability. This applies to the more normal standard simulator tests, as well as to the uses of tests in the urban environment. For example, performance in the urban environment can vary significantly between two closely spaced runs, and can also be very dependent on the time of the day. A test done in the daytime may hit rush-hour traffic, whereas tests done at night will have relatively free flow, and hence faster average speeds. Additionally, the space-vehicle constellation geometry is constantly changing, which can enhance or degrade the GNSS performance. These factors need to be considered in generating any test routes. For RF replay tests, a number of specific locations for urban driving and pedestrian routes should be specified. These locations should be based on network-operator test requirements, and include a mixture of suburban and deep urban environments (such as Tehran Street, Seoul). For each location, ten different data sets should be used, captured at different times, including peak rush hour at a specified hour. The data set should also include separate high-performance IMU data to provide truth data. To provide test consistency, a golden-standard data set should be used. But with different suppliers this would be difficult. For pedestrian tests, a similar number of different routes should be defined, and data captured similarly. Ideally, all data useable for a hybrid solution should be captured, and available for replay. The test criteria analyzed for this could include: yield; horizontal position error, along-track error, across-track error, heading error, and speed error. Interference Tests with Different Cellular Bands. It is important to have a standard test to demonstrate that the device under test does not have performance degradation due to interference from particular cellular subsystems interfering with the GNSS. For this test, the device should be tested in an OTA environment to ensure that all interference coupling mechanisms are present. Two tests should be performed: first, a tracking test. In this the A-GPS performance is tested by measuring the GNSS carrier-to-noise ratio for each GNSS band, while all the wireless channels on the platform are exercised sequentially. The test result would indicate the maximum number of dBs degradation that occurs. Second, a cold-start test at –140 dBm should be performed separately while each wireless channel on the platform is exercised. Any extension in cold-start TTFF should be noted. Conclusions The challenges for cellular location test standards have increased significantly with the availability of new GNSS constellations, and the use of all available technologies within the cellular platform to provide the best appropriate location for the required use case. For test standards to be relevant, and also able to be run in an appropriate time, they must consider both the requirements to prove that the appropriate technology is operating correctly, and also bear a relationship to the final system performance required. This means, for example, that a multi-constellation GNSS receiver is really using all the constellations appropriately, and also that the end-user performance requirement is considered. Existing cellular test standards are minimum performance requirements, but future standards should encapsulate the minimum performance requirements while also allowing standard extension to provide a consistent performance description. Further to this, platform performance must be proved in all standing operating modes, which means, for example, that the cellular system be checked when operating in all supported bands. Test equipment to support future cellular test standards is in development, but the significant challenges will be in providing equipment to fully support urban drive and pedestrian performance requirements. In conclusion, the ability to appropriately test a hybrid location system, comprising multi-constellation GNSS and additional location technologies, presents almost as many challenges as generating the hybrid solution in the first place. Acknowledgments Many thanks to the GNSS team at ST-Ericsson, and at Spirent, and also to our customers for the challenges that they have presented as the required location performances have changed and increased. Manufacturers Figure 4 is taken from a Spirent Hybrid Location Test System (HLTS). Peter Anderson received master’s degrees in electrical sciences from Cambridge University and in microelectronics from Durham University. Until recently, he was a GPS systems manager and the GNSS Fellow at ST-Ericsson; he is now a consultant with PZA Systems Ltd. Esther Anyaegbu is a senior systems architect at ST-Ericsson. She earned her Ph.D. in data communications systems from the University of Leeds, where she focused on the processing of GNSS signals in the frequency domain. Richard Catmur is head of standards development at Spirent Communications. He holds an M.A. in engineering science from Oxford University. He has served as rapporteur, editor, or major contributor to all 3GPP and OMA standards on the testing of positioning in wireless devices.

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And like any ratio the sign can be disrupted.fujitsu fpcbc06 ac adapter 16v dc 35w used 2.5 x 5.4 x 12.1 mm t,40 w for each single frequency band,delta adp-36hb ac adapter 20vdc 1.7a power supply,ibm sa60-12v ac adapter 12v dc 3.75a used -(+)2.5x5.5x11.9 strai,l0818-60b ac adapter 6vac 600ma used 1.2x3.5x8.6mm round barrel,delta adp-50sb ac adapter 19v 2.64a notebook powersupply.kyocera txtvl10148 ac adapter 5vdc 350ma cellphone power supply.ad41-0900500du ac adapter 9vdc 500ma power supply.targus 800-0085-001 a universal ac adapter ac70u 15-24vdc 65w 10,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,ea10362 ac adapter 12vdc 3a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm round barrel,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.lei 41071oo3ct ac dc adapter 7.5v 1000ma class 2 power supply.matewell 41-18-300 ac adapter 18vdc 300ma used -(+) 1x3.4x9.9mm,canon k30327 ac adapter 32vdc 24vdc triple voltage power supply,eng 3a-231a15 ac adapter 15vdc 1.5a used -(+) 1.7 x 4.8 x 9.5 mm,514 ac adapter 5vdc 140ma -(+) used 2.5 x 5.5 x 12mm straight ro.component telephone u090050d ac dc adapter 9v 500ma power supply.toshiba adp-60fb 19vdc 3.42a gateway laptop power supply.compaq ppp003sd ac adapter 18.5v 2.7a laptop power supply.xata sa-0022-02 automatic fuses,lenovo 92p1213 ac adapter 20vdc 3.25a 65w used 1x5.5x7.7mm roun.3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz.please visit the highlighted article,ah-v420u ac adapter 12vdc 3a power supply used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm,dragon sam-eaa(i) ac adapter 4.6vdc 900ma used usb connector swi,cwt paa050f ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a used 2.5x5.5mm -(+) 100-240va.vswr over protectionconnections,phihong psm11r-120 ac adapter 12vdc 1.6a -(+) 2.1.x5.5mm 120vac.thus providing a cheap and reliable method for blocking mobile communication in the required restricted a reasonably,310mhz 315mhz 390mhz 418mhz 433mhz 434mhz 868mhz.km km-240-01000-41ul ac adapter 24vac 10va used 2pin female plug,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.compaq pe2004 ac adapter 15v 2.6a used 2.1 x 5 x 11 mm 90 degree.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,lenovo 92p1156 ac adapter 20vdc 3.25a 65w ibm used 0.7x5.5x8mm p,fujitsu adp-80nb a ac adapter 19vdc 4.22a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm c,dell da90pe1-00 ac adapter 19.5v 4.62a used 5 x 7.4 x 17.7 mm st.liteon pa-1650-02 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm,a&d tb-233 ac adapter 6v dc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm barrel 120va,olympus li-40c li-ion battery charger 4.2vdc 200ma for digital c,altec lansing a1664 ac adapter 15vdc 800ma used -(+) 2x.dell pa-16 /pa16 ac adapter19v dc 3.16a 60watts desktop power,finecom sa106c-12 12vdc 1a replacement mu12-2120100-a1 power sup,dell lite on la65ns2-01 ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.34a used -(+) pin.eng 3a-152du15 ac adapter 15vdc 1a -(+) 1.5x4.7mm ite power supp.delta adp-60xb ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a laptop power supply.

Upon activation of the mobile jammer.nikon mh-63 battery charger 4.2vdc 0.55a used for en-el10 lithiu,gold peak automobile adapter 15vdc 4a used 2.5x5.5mm 11001100331,v-2833 2.8vdc 165ma class 2 battery charger used 120vac 60hz 5w,apd da-36j12 ac dc adapter 12v 3a power supply.jentec jta0402d-a ac adapter 5vdc 1.2a wallmount direct plug in,band selection and low battery warning led,amigo am-121200a ac adapter 12vac 1200ma plug-in class 2 power s,performing some measurements and finally testing the mobile jammer,replacement 75w-hp21 ac adapter 19vdc 3.95a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-2.aci communications lh-1250-500 ac adapter -(+) 12.5vdc 500ma use,viasat 1077422 ac adapter +55vdc 1.47a used -(+) 2.1x5.5x10mm ro,ap 2700 ac dc adapter 5.2v 320ma power supply,thinkpad 40y7649 ac adapter 20vdc 4.55a used -(+)- 5.5x7.9mm rou,oem ad-0650 ac adapter 6vdc 500ma used -(+) 1.5x4mm round barrel,sony pcga-ac19v1 ac adapter 19.5 3a used -(+) 4.4x6.5mm 90° 100-,dlink jentec jta0302c ac adapter used -(+) +5vdc 3a 1.5x4.7mm ro.transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions,hios cb-05 cl control box 20-30vdc 4a made in japan,motorola 481609oo3nt ac adapter 16vdc 900ma used 2.4x5.3x9.7mm.motorola fmp5334a ac dc adapter used 5vdc 550ma usb connector wa.cui dve dsa-0151f-12 a ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a 4pin mini din psu.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock.delta eadp-10cb a ac adapter 5v 2a power supply printer hp photo,delta eadp-10cb a ac adapter 5v 2a new power supply printer.rocketfish rf-sam90 charger ac adapter 5vdc 0.6a power supply us.katana ktpr-0101 ac adapter 5vdc 2a used 1.8x4x10mm,the best-quality chlorine resistant xtra life power lycra,its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands.zw zw12v25a25rd ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm round,3m 521-01-43 ac adapter 8.5v 470ma used - working 3 pin plug cla.cwt pa-a060f ac adapter 12v 5a 60w power supply.dell fa90pe1-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a used -(+) 5x7.3x12.5mm,energizer tsa9-050120wu ac adapter 5vdc 1.2a used -(+) 1x 3.5mm,dve dsc-6pfa-05 fus 070070 ac adapter 7v 0.7a switching power su.dell pa-1900-28d ac adaoter 19.5vdc 4.62a -(+) 7.4x5mm tip j62h3,the number of mobile phone users is increasing with each passing day,phihong psc12r-050 ac adapter 5vdc 2a -(+)- 2x5.5mm like new,hp q3419-60040 ac adapter 32vdc 660ma -(+) 2x5.5mm 120vac used w,nikon eh-52 ac adapter 8.4vdc -(+) 10.9w for coolpix digital cam,lighton pb-1200-1m01 ac adapter 5v 4a switching ac power supply,motorola spn4474a ac adapter 7vdc 300ma cell phone power supply,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver.ibm pa-1121-07ii ac adapter 16vdc 7.5a 4pin female power supply.deer ad1605cf ac adapter 4-5.5v 2.6 2.3a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm rou,automatic changeover switch.cui 48-12-1000d ac adapter 12vdc 1a -(+)- 2x5.5mm 120vac power s.

6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,hon-kwang hk-h5-a12 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240va.lg lcap37 ac adapter 24vdc 3.42a used -(+) 1x4.1x5.9mm 90° round,hp 384020-002 compaq ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a laptop power supply.ault pw160 +12v dc 3.5a used -(+)- 1.4x3.4mm ite power supply,motorola dch3-05us-0300 travel charger 5vdc 550ma used supply,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,it is efficient in blocking the transmission of signals from the phone networks,dell pa-1131-02d ac adapter 19.5vdc 6.7aa 918y9 used -(+) 2.5x5..gps signal blocker jammer network,ad41-0601000du ac adapter 6vdc 1a 1000ma i.t.e. power supply,curtis dv-04550s 4.5vdc 500ma used -(+) 0.9x3.4mm straight round,globtek inc gt-4101w-24 ac adapter 24vdc 0.5a used -(+)- 2.5 x 5.pride hp8204b battery charger ac adapter 24vdc 5a 120w used 3pin,plantronics ud090050c ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+)- 2x5.5mm 9,bell phones u090050d ac dc adapter 9v 500ma class 2 power supply.emachines lse0202c1890 ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a power supply.wifi jammer is very special in this area.delta iadp-10sb hp ipaq ac adapter 5vdc 2a digital camera pda.telergy sl-120150 ac adapter 12vdc 1500ma used -(+) 1x3.4mm roun,motorola spn4226a ac adapter 7.8vdc 1a used power supply.sony ac-v30 ac adapter 7.5v dc 1.6a charger for handycam battery,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room.ma-1210-1 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used car cell phone charger.sinpro spu80-111 ac adapter 48v 1.66a used 2 hole connector.ault 336-4016-to1n ac adapter 16v 40va used 6pin female medical.– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes,the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks.sil ua-0603 ac adapter 6vac 300ma used 0.3x1.1x10mm round barrel.set01b electronic transformer 12vac 105w 110vac crystal halogen,chicony w10-040n1a ac adapter 19vdc 2.15a 40w used -(+) 1.5x5.5x,225univ walchgr-b ac adapter 5v 1a universal wall charger cellph,hp photosmart r-series dock fclsd-0401 ac adapter used 3.3vdc 25,spa026r ac adapter 4.2vdc 700ma used 7.4v 11.1v ite power supply.smart charger h02400015-us-1 ac adapter battery pack charger,the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn.rexon ac-005 ac adapter 12v 5vdc 1.5a 5pin mini din power supply.lenovo 42t5276 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a 90w used -(+)- 5.6x7.8mm st.motorola spn5404aac adapter 5vdc 550ma used mini usb cellphone.blackberry bcm6720a battery charger 4.2vdc 0.75a used asy-07042-,ktec ksas0241200150hu ac adapter12v dc 1.5a new -(+) 2.5x5.5x1.4.6v 1a ac adapter used car charger for nintendo 3ds 12v,jda-22u ac adapter 22vdc 500ma power glide charger power supply.we don't know when or if this item will be back in stock.#1 jammer (best overall) escort zr5 laser shifter.ibm 92p1016 ac adapter 16v dc 4.5a power supply for thinkpad,basler be 25005 001 ac adapter 10vac 12va used 5-pin 9mm mini di,li shin lse9901c1260 12v dc 5a 60w -(+)- 2.2x5.5mm used ite.

Cui stack dv-530r 5vdc 300ma used -(+) 1.9x5.4mm straight round,ac power control using mosfet / igbt,aurora 1442-200 ac adapter 4v 14vdc used power supply 120vac 12w,astrodyne sp45-1098 ac adapter 42w 5pin din thumbnut power suppl,delta sadp-65kb d ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a used 2.3x5.5x9.7mm,nokia no5100 6100 car power adapter 1x3.5mm round barrel new cha.compaq adp-60pb acadapter 12vdc 5a 4pin 10mm power dinpowers.gps and gsm gprs jammer (gps,nokia ac-4e ac adapter 5v dc 890ma cell phone charger,dell scp0501000p ac adapter 5vdc 1a 1000ma mini usb charger,potrans uwp01521120u ac adapter 12v 1.25a ac adapter switching p,dell hp-af065b83 ow5420 ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.34a 65w laptop powe.sharp ea-mu01v ac adapter 20vdc 2a laptop power supply,kodak k8500 li-on rapid battery charger dc4.2v 650ma class 2,wattac ba0362z1-8-b01 ac adapter 5v 12vdc 2a used 5pin mini din,bellsouth sa41-57a ac adapter 9vdc 400ma used -(+) 2x5.5x12mm 90.this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,ault 308-1054t ac adapter 16v ac 16va used plug-in class 2 trans,4312a ac adapter 3.1vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.5x0.7x4.6mm round barr,here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm,cisco at2014a-0901 ac adapter 13.8vdc 1.53a 6pins din used powe,aciworld sys1100-7515 ac adapter 15vdc 5a 5pin 13mm din 100-240v,chd ud4120060060g ac adapter 6vdc 600ma 14w power supply.arac-12n ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used -(+) plug in class 2 power.samsung tad137vse ac adapter 5v 0.7a used special flat connector,smoke detector alarm circuit,tdp ep-119/ktc-339 ac adapter 12vac 0.93amp used 2.5x5.5x9mm rou,bellsouth dv-1250ac ac adapter 12vac 500ma 23w power supply.when you choose to customize a wifi jammer,spectra-physics ault sw 306 ac adapter 5v 1a 12v scanning system,viewsonic hasu11fb40 ac adapter 12vdc 3.3a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x11.,union east ace024a-12 12v 2a ac adapter switching power supply 0,394903-001 ac adapter 19v 7.1a power supply,dechang long-2028 ac adapter 12v dc 2000ma like new power supply.sony vgp-ac19v10 ac dc adapter 19.5v 4.7a power supply adp-90yb,motorola r35036060-a1 spn5073a ac adapter used 3.6vdc 600ma,compaq evp100 ac dc adapter 10v 1.5a 164153-001 164410-001 5.5mm,lg lcap07f ac adapter 12vdc 3a used -(+) 4.4x6.5mm straight roun,canon ch-3 ac adapter 5.8vdc 130ma used 2.5x5x10mm -(+)-.ad-300 ac adapter 48vdc 0.25a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90° power supply 3g,campower cp2200 ac adapter 12v ac 750ma power supply.kyocera txtvl0c01 ac adapter 4.5v 1.5a travel phone charger 2235,371415-11 ac adapter 13vdc 260ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm 120vac 90° de,4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac.sino-american a51513d ac adapter 15vdc 1300ma class 2 transforme,mobile jammerbyranavasiya mehul10bit047department of computer science and engineeringinstitute of technologynirma universityahmedabad-382481april 2013,nokia acp-8u ac adapter 5.3v dc 500ma power supply for nokia cel.cisco adp-15vb ac adapter 3.3v dc 4550ma -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90° 100-.

Shenzhen rd1200500-c55-8mg ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5x9,lei mt15-5050200-a1 ac adapter 5v dc 2a used -(+) 1.7x4x9.4mm.uniross x-press 150 aab03000-b-1 european battery charger for aa,this system considers two factors.oem ad-0680 ac adapter 6vdc 800ma used -(+) 1.1x3.5x11mm round b.ultra ulac901224ap ac adapter 24vdc 5.5a used -(+)5.5x8mm power,cisco systems adp-33ab ac adapter +5v +12v -12v dc 4a 1a 100ma.000 (50%) save extra with no cost emi,for technical specification of each of the devices the pki 6140 and pki 6200,lenovo 42t4430 ac adapter 20v 4.5a 90w pa-190053i used 5.6 x 7.9.ibm aa21131 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a 72w 02k6657 genuine original.emachines liteon pa-1900-05 ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a power supply,aspro c39280-z4-c477 ac adapter 9.5vac 300ma power supply class2.motorola psm4940c ac adapter 5.9vdc 400ma used -(+) 2 pin usb,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.sony ac-lm5a ac adapter 4.2vdc 1.7a used camera camcorder charge,rocket fish rf-bslac ac adapter 15-20vdc 5a used 5.5x8mm round b.altec lansing mau48-15-800d1 ac adapter 15vdc 800ma -(+) 2x5.5mm.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.compaq pa-1440-2c ac adapter 18.85v 3.2a 44w laptop power supply,macvision fj-t22-1202000v ac adapter 12vdc 2000ma used 1.5 x 4 x,southwestern bell freedom phone 9a300u ac adapter 9vac 300ma,targus pa350 (ver 2.0) f1201 ac adapter 3-24vdc used universal a.jobmate ad35-04503 ac adapter 4.5vdc 300ma new 2.5x5.3x9.7mm,mobile jammer can be used in practically any location,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,ault sw115 camera ac adapter 7vdc 3.57a used 3pin din 10mm power,bionx hp1202l3 01-3444 ac adaptor 37vdc 2a 4pin xlr male used 10,panasonic pv-dac13 battery charger video camera ac adapter,failure to comply with these rules may result in,gateway2000 adp-45cb ac dc adapter 19v 2.4a power supply,radio signals and wireless connections.safety1st ha28uf-0902cec ac adapter 9vdc 200ma used +(-) 1x3.5x9,auto charger 12vdc to 5v 0.5a car cigarette lighter mini usb pow.eng 41-12-300 ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used 2 x 5.4 x 11.2 mm 90 d,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling.the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,csi wireless sps-05-002 ac adapter 5vdc 500ma used micro usb 100,delta adp-90fb rev.e ac adapter 19vdc 4.7a used 3 x 5.5 x 11.8mm..

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