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Figure 1. Example of the GNSS signal propagation using ray-tracing and a 3D building map. A particle-filter-based positioning method using a 3D map to rectify the errors created by multipath and non-line-of-sight signals on the positioning result delivered by a low-cost single-frequency GPS receiver takes a multi-GNSS approach, using the combined signals of GPS, GLONASS and QZSS. The method outperforms conventional positioning in availability and positioning accuracy. It will likely be fused with other sensors in a future pedestrian navigation application. By Li-Ta Hsu, Shunsuke Miura and Shunsuke Kamijo GPS provides an accurate and reliable positioning/timing service for pedestrian application in open field environments. Unfortunately, its positioning performance in urban areas still has a lot of room for  improvement, due to signal blockages and reflections caused by tall buildings. The signal reflections can be divided into multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) effects. Recently, use of 3D building models as aiding information to mitigate or exclude multipath and NLOS effects has become a promising area of study. At first, researchers used the 3D map model to simulate multipath effects to assess the single-reflection environment of a city. Subsequently, the metric of NLOS signal exclusion using an elevation-enhanced map, extracted from a 3D map, was developed and tested using real vehicular data. An extended idea of identifying NLOS signals using an infrared camera onboard a vehicle has been suggested. The potential of using a dynamic 3D map to design a multipath-exclusion filter for a vehicle-based tightly coupled GPS/INS integration system has also been studied. A forecast satellite visibility based on a 3D urban model to exclude NLOS signals in urban areas was developed. The research approaches outlined above seek to exclude the NLOS signal; however, the exclusion is very likely to cause a horizontal dilution of precision distortion scenario, due to the blockage of buildings along the two sides of streets. In other words, the lateral (cross direction) positioning error would be much larger than that of the along-track direction. Therefore, approaches applying multipath and NLOS signals as measurements become essential. One of the most common methods, the shadow-matching method, uses 3D building models to predict satellite visibility and compare it with measured satellite visibility to improve the cross street positioning accuracy. A multipath and NLOS delay estimation based on software-defined radio and a 3D surface model based on a particle filter was proposed and tested in a static experiment in the Shinjuku area of Tokyo.The research team of The University of Tokyo developed a particle-filter-based positioning method using a 3D map to rectify the positioning result of commercial GPS single-frequency receiver for pedestrian applications. An evaluation of the QZSS L1-submeter-class augmentation with integrity function (L1-SAIF) correction to the proposed pedestrian positioning method was also discussed in an earlier paper by the authors of this article. However, satellite visibility in the urban canyon using only GPS and QZSS would not be enough for this proposed method. The use of emerging multi-GNSS, encompassing GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou, could furnish a potential solution to the lack of visible satellites for this method. This article assess the performance of the proposed pedestrian positioning method using GPS, GLONASS and QZSS. Building Models Construction Our work established a 3D building model by a 2D map that contained building location and height information of buildings from 3D point-clouds data. The Fundamental Geospatial Data (FGD) of Japan, which provided by Japan geospatial information authority, is open to the Japanese public. This FGD data is employed as 2D geographic information system (GIS) data. Thus, the layouts and positions of every building on the map could be obtained from the 2D GIS data. In this article, the 3D digital surface model (DSM) data is provided by Aero Asahi Corporation. Figure 2 shows the process of constructing the 3D building model used here. This process first extracts the coordinates of every building corner from FGD as shown in the left of Figure 2. Then, the 2D map is integrated with the height data from DSM. The right of Figure 2 illustrates an example of a 3D building model established in this way. The 3D building map contains a  very small amount of data for each building in comparison to that of the 3D graphic application. For our purposes, the file only contains the frame data of each building instead of the detail polygons data. This basic 3D building map is utilized in the simulation of ray-tracing. Figure 2. The construction of the 3D building map from a 2D map and DSM. Our version of the ray-tracing method does not consider diffractions or multiple reflections because these signals occurred under unfavorable conditions. Here, we utilize only the direct path and a single reflected path. The developed ray-tracing simulation can be used to distinguish reflected rays and to estimate the reflection delay distance. Our research work assumes that the surfaces of buildings are reflective smooth planes, that is, mirrors. Therefore, the rays in the simulation obey the laws of reflection. In the real world, the roughness and the absorption of the reflective surface might create a mismatch between the ray-tracing simulation and the real propagation. Here we ignore this effect, as the roughness of the building surface is much smaller than the propagation distance. The opening figure (Figure 1) shows an example of the GNSS signal propagation using ray-tracing and a 3D building map. Red, green and white lines denote the LOS path, reflected paths and the NLOS paths, respectively. In this environment, a conventional positioning method such as weighted least squares (WLS) usually estimates the position on the wrong side of street as shown in the red balloon. With the aid of 3D building model and ray-tracing, the map-based positioning method is able to provide a result close to the ground truth. Map-Based Pedestrian Positioning The flowchart of the 3D city building model-based particle filter is shown in Figure 3. This method first implements a particle filter to distribute position candidates (particles) around the ground-truth position. In Step 2, when a candidate position is given, the method can evaluate whether each satellite is in LOS, multipath or NLOS by applying the ray-tracing procedure with a 3D building model. According to the signal strength, namely carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0), the satellite could be roughly classified into LOS, NLOS and multipath scenarios. If the type of signal is consistent between C/N0 and ray-tracing classification, the simulated pseudorange of the satellite for the candidate will be calculated. In the LOS case, simulated pseudoranges can be estimated as the distance of the direct path between the satellite and the assumed position. In the multipath and NLOS cases, simulated pseudoranges can be estimated as the distance of the reflected path between the satellite and the candidate position via the building surface. Figure 3. Flowchart of the particle filter using 3D city building models. Ideally, if the position of a candidate is located at the true position, the difference between the simulated and measured pseudoranges should be zero. In other words, the simulated and measured pseudoranges should be identical. Therefore, the likelihood of each valid candidate is evaluated based on the pseudorange difference between the pseudorange measurement and simulated pseudorange of the candidate, which is simulated by 3D building models and ray-tracing. Finally, the expectation of all the candidates is the rectified positioning of the proposed map method. This method can therefore find the optimum position through a dedicated optimization algorithm of these assumptions and evaluations. The positioning principle of the proposed method is very different from the conventional GPS positioning method, that is, WLS. As a result, the calculation of the positioning accuracy of the 3D map method should be also different. We define two positioning performance measures for the 3D map method: user range accuracy of the 3D map method (URA3Dmap) and positioning accuracy. The value of URA3Dmap is to indicate its level of positioning service, which is similar to the user range accuracy (URA) of conventional GPS. The URA3Dmap is defined based on the percentage of the valid candidates from all candidates outside the building. The higher percentage of the valid candidate implies a higher confidence of the estimated position. Ideally, if the center of the candidate distribution is not far from the ground truth, the simulated pseudorange of the candidates located at the center of distribution would be very similar to the measurement pseudorange. We define the URA3Dmap as shown in Table 1. Table 1. The definition of URA and URA3Dmap used in this article. Experiments and Discussion We selected the Hitotsubashi and Shinjuku areas in Tokyo to construct a 3D building model because of the density of the tall buildings. In this area, multipath and NLOS effect are frequently observed. We tested pedestrian navigation in a typical path that included walking both sides of street and passing through/waiting at a road intersection. The cut-off angle is 20 degrees. The data were collected in November and December 2014. We compare here two single point positioning methods: single-point positioning solutions provided by open source RTKLIB software (RTKLIB SPP), and the proposed 3D map method. RAIM FDE of the RTKLIB SPP is used here as a conventional NLOS detection algorithm. The test used a geodetic-grade GNSS receiver and a commercial grade receiver. The geodetic receiver was only used to collect the QZSS L1-SAIF correction signal. The antenna of the commercial receiver was attached in the strap of the backpack as shown in Figure 4. The receiver is connected to a tablet to record the GNSS measurements and is set to output pseudorange measurements and positioning results every second. Figure 4. Equipment set-up. We generated a quasi-ground truth using a topographical method.Video cameras were set in the ninth and18th floors of a building near the Hitotsubashi and Shinjuku areas, respectively, to record the traveled path. The video data output by the cameras are used in combination with one purchased high-resolution aerial photo to get the ground truth data. The aerial photo is 25 cm/pixel and therefore the error distance for each estimate can be calculated. The synchronization between video camera and commercial GNSS receiver is difficult to get as accurate as in the topographical method. As a result, we used point to “points” positioning error to evaluate the performance of the dynamic experiment. The synchronization error is limited to 1 second. Hence, for each estimated position x(t), the ground truth points used to calculate the positioning error is xGT (t-1), xGT (t) and xGT (t+1). The point to “points” positioning error is calculated as: Three performance metrics are used here: mean, standard deviation of the point to points error, and the availability of positioning solution. The availability defined here means the percentage of given solutions in a fixed period. For example, if a method outputs 80 epochs in 100 seconds, the availability of the method is 80 percent. This research demonstrates two dynamic data. The skyplot of the data are shown in Figure 5. The satellites are tracked by the commercial receiver. The grey areas indicate the obstruction of the surrounding buildings. The two dynamic data are typical signal receptions at Hitotsubashi (middle urban canyon) and Shinjuku (deep urban canyon) areas. Hitotsubashi Mid-Canyon. To study the benefit of using different GNSS constellations in the 3D map method, Figure 6 shows the trajectory estimated by the proposed method under different satellite constellations. The different colors indicate different values of URA3Dmap of each point. This walking trajectory is divided into five sections (identified as A, B, C, D and E in the right-most of the three plots). In the GPS-only case (left), results in A and B sections have much better performance than sections D and E, because more than half of the GPS satellites are blocked at D and E, as shown in the left of Figure 5. Figure 5. The left and right are the skyplot of the dynamic experiment at the Hitotsubashi and Shinjuku areas, respectively, in Tokyo. The middle plot in Figure 6 shows the trajectory using GLONASS. It is obvious that the positioning results located at the right side of street are greatly increased, derived from the greater number of satellites in view. However, the quality of the GLONASS signal is not as good as GPS because multipath has a double effect on GLONASS. Figure 6. Positioning results of the proposed 3D map method using different combinations of satellite constellations in a middle urban canyon. In summary, the positioning error of applying GLONASS maintains a similar level, and availability increases about 12 percent compared to using GPS only. The right plot of Figure 6 shows the result after adding QZSS L1 C/A and L1-SAIF. This increases the results of C, D and E sections, because QZSS provides a high-elevation-angle satellite to the 3D map method. As a result, the number of valid candidate points in C, D and E sections increases dramatically. The reliability in C, D and E sections is also much higher than that of GPS+GLONASS. In addition, the trajectory became smoother than before. Table 2 compares the positioning results of both RTKLIB SPP and the 3D map method, showing the 3D map method using GPS, GLONASS and QZSS to have the best performance among three scenarios. The positioning error mean and availability are 3.89 meters and 96.72 percent, respectively. The positioning error mean could be further improved to 3.23 meters if selecting the position point with URA3Dmap ≤ 3 (yellow, orange and red points in Figure 6). This selection will lose about 17 percent of availability. Table 2. Positioning results of the 3D map method using different combinations of satellite constellations in a middle urban canyon. Shinjuku Deep Canyon. We conducted a similar experiment in the Shinjuku area of Tokyo, the most urbanized area in Japan (Figure 7). The positioning results and skyplot are shown in Figure 8 and the right of Figure 5, respectively. Table 3 compares the results of the two methods using the three constellation configurations. Figure 7. Deep urban canyon environment, Shinjuku, Tokyo. (Courtesy Google Earth) Figure 8. Positioning results of the proposed 3D map method using different combinations of satellite constellations in a deep urban canyon. Table 3. Performance comparison of RTKLIB SPP and the proposed 3D map method using different combinations of satellite constellations in a deep urban canyon. As shown in the left of Figure 8, only half of the GPS-only solutions are on the correct side of the street. A few points are incorrect due to the insufficient number of satellites. Adding GLONASS measurements greatly increases the availability, and most of the GPS-only outliers are corrected. The positioning error mean improves from 12.7 to 10.3 meters, and the availability improves from 53.2 to 75.9 percent. GLONASS measurements provide such a significant improvement because the distribution of GPS and GLONASS satellites are complementary. After adding the QZSS measurements, availability further increases to 88.6 percent, and positioning error mean is reduced to 5.7 meters. The positioning error mean could be further improved to 4.2 meters if selecting the position points with URA3Dmap ≤ 3: the red, orange and yellow points in Figure 8. Although this selection will lose about 12 percent of availability, it could be easily compensated by a simple filtering technique. Comparing Table 2 and Table 3, we find the positioning error of the proposed method in the middle urban canyon is about 1 meter worse than that in the deep urban canyon. This is because of the increase of multiple reflected signals. The target application of this 3D map method is consumer-based pedestrian navigation. Most of these applications benefit from an integrated system of multiple sensors. The 3D map method could serve as one sensor for such an integrated system. The calculation of positioning accuracy is required to indicate the quality of the point solution estimated by this method. Figure 9 shows the relationship between the calculated accuracy and positioning error. We can find that the calculated accuracy is able to describe the performance of the proposed method. Figure 9. Positioning error of the 3D map method using GPS+GLONASS+QZSS. The purple line denotes the calculated 68 percent accuracy of the proposed method. The performance of the conventional method is very inaccurate in this deep urban canyon. Its positioning error is larger than 40 meters. Figure 10 shows the number of satellites in this data. Note the number of LOS satellites is determined by the ray-tracing simulation according to the ground truth trajectory. Figure 10. Number of LOS satellites, the number of satellites used in the 3D map method, and the total number of satellites tracked by the commercial-grade receiver. The number of LOS satellites means the light-of-sight path of satellite is not blocked by buildings. Note that the LOS signal also contains the multipath effect. In this deep urban canyon, the number of LOS signals is much less than that of all received satellites. This implies a lot of NLOS is received, which deteriorates the performance of the conventional method. The map-based method is able to correct most of the NLOS signals. The number of satellites used in the map-based method is close to the number of all the satellites received. Therefore the map-based method can achieve better performance than the conventional method. Figure 11 demonstrates the comparison between the map-based method and the commercial GNSS receiver. The map-based method is simply smoothed by a moving average filter with 3 seconds data. It is difficult to understand the pedestrian trajectory by the commercial-grade receiver result. In some cases, the commercial receiver will estimate the pedestrian to be on the wrong side of the streets. The proposed method, instead, is capable of estimating the result at the correct side of the street. Figure 11. Positioning results of the proposed 3D map method and commercial-grade receiver using GPS+GLONASS+QZSS in the deep urban canyon. Li-Ta Hsu is a post-doctoral researcher at the Institute of Industrial Science of the University of Tokyo. He received his Ph.D. degree in aeronautics and astronautics from National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. Shunsuke Miura received an M.S. degree in information science from the University of Tokyo in 2013. Shunsuke Kamijo received a Ph.D. in information engineering from the University of Tokyo, where he is now an associate professor.

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Condor ps146 100-0086-001b ac adapter 17vctac 0.7a used 4pin atx,bec ve20-120 1p ac adapter 12vdc 1.66a used 2x5.5mm -(+) power s.liteon pa-1151-08 ac adapter 19v 7.9a used 3.3 x 5.5 x 12.9mm,nokia ac-4u ac adapter 5v 890ma cell phone battery charger,walker 1901.031 ac adapter 9vdc 100ma used -(+) 2.1x5.3mm round,polycomfsp019-1ad205a ac adapter 19v 1a used -(+) 3 x 5.5mm 24.bc-826 ac dc adapter 6v 140ma power supply direct plug in,fujitsu ca1007-0950 ac adapter 19v 60w laptop power supply,databyte dv-9200 ac adapter 9vdc 200ma used -(+)- 2 x 5.5 x 12 m,our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,mobile jammerseminarsubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree ofbachelor of technology in information …,sanyo scp-06adt ac adapter 5.4v dc 600ma used phone connector po,tc98a 4.5-9.5v dc max 800ma used travel charger power supply,texas instruments adp-9510-19a ac adapter 19vdc 1.9a used -(+)-,potrans uwp01521120u ac adapter 12v 1.25a ac adapter switching p.0°c – +60°crelative humidity,gamestop bb-731/pl-7331 ac adapter 5.2vdc 320ma used usb connect,ault bvw12225 ac adapter 14.7vdc 2.25a used safco snap on connec.whether voice or data communication.rio tesa5a-0501200d-b ac dc adapter 5v 1a usb charger.acbel ap13ad03 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a power supply laptop api-76.cidco n4116-1230-dc ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used 2 x 5.5 x 10mm s,acbel api4ad19 ac adapter 15vdc 5a laptop power supply.design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.edac ea11203b ac adapter 19vdc 6a 120w power supply h19v120w.compaq series 2862a ac adapter 16.5vdc 2.6a -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240,atc-520 dc adapter used 1x3.5 travel charger 14v 600ma,and fda indication for pediatric patients two years and older,rim psm05r-068r dc adapter 6.8v dc 0.5a wall charger ite.kodak k620 value charger for aa and aaa size batteries.3com 61-026-0127-000 ac adapter 48v dc 400ma used ault ss102ec48,it will be a wifi jammer only,delta adp-40zb rev.b ac adapter 12vdc 3300ma used 4pin din.mw41-1200600 ac adapter 12vdc 600ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm round ba,sony pcga-ac16v ac adapter 19.5vdc 4a used -(+) 4x6mm tip 100-24.apple a1202 ac adapter 12vdc 1.8a used 2.5x5.5mm straight round,pentax d-bc88 ac adapter 4.2vdc 550ma used -(+)- power supply,ibm 08k8212 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm used power supp,modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,cgo supports gps+glonass+beidou data in,d-link mt12-y075100-a1 ac adapter 7.5vdc 1a -(+) 2x5.5mm ac adap.a&d tb-233 ac adapter 6v dc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm barrel 120va,dell 0335a1960 ac adapter 19v dc 3.16a -(+)- used 3x5mm 90° ite,condor dv-51aat ac dc adapter 5v 1a power supply,suppliers and exporters in delhi.viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available,component telephone u090025a12 ac adapter 9vac 250ma ~(~) 1.3x3..siemens ps50/1651 ac adapter 5v 620ma cell phone c56 c61 cf62 c.samsung atads10jbe ac adapter 5v dc 0.7a used usb pin cellphone,hon-kwang hk-c112-a12 ac adapter 12vdc 1a dell as501pa speaker,hon-kwang hk-u-120a015-us ac adapter 12vdc 0-0.5a used -(+)- 2x5,fournis par fabricant chinois - al ….delta eadp-25bb a ac adapter 5v 5a laptop power supply,compaq pa-1440-2c ac adapter 18.85v 3.2a 44w laptop power supply,a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,1900 kg)permissible operating temperature,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply,someone help me before i break my screen.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,sony ac-lm5 ac dc adapter 4.2v 1.5a power supplyfor cybershot,sanyo scp-10adt ac adapter 5.2vdc 800ma charger ite power suppl.he sad5012se ac adapter 12vdc 4.3a used -(+) 2x5.5x11.2mm round,shanghai dy121-120010100 ac adapter 12v dc 1a used -(+) cut wire.energizer jsd-2710-050200 ac adapter 5vdc 2a used 1.7x4x8.7mm ro,blackberry clm03d-050 5v 500ma car charger used micro usb pearl.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,lexmark click cps020300050 ac adapter 30v 0.50a used class 2 tra.toshiba api3ad03 ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a -(+)- 1.7x4mm 100-240v.apple m7332 yoyo ac adapter 24vdc 1.875a 3.5mm 45w with cable po.pantech pta-5070dus ac dc adapter 5v 700ma cellphone battery cha,technics tesa2-1202100d ac adapter 12vdc 2.1a -(+)- switching po.

Bestec ea0061waa ac adapter +12vdc 0.5a 6w used 2 x 5 x 10mm.energizer fps005usc-050050 ac adapter 5vdc 0.5a used 1.5x4mm r,digital fr-pcp8h-ad ac adapter 11vdc 2.73a used 1.2x4x9mm.nec adp-40ed a ac adapter 19vdc 2.1a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x11mm 90°.motorola dch3-050us-0303 ac adapter 5vdc 550ma used usb mini ite,we have designed a system having no match,dc1500150 ac adapter 15vdc 150ma used 1.8 x 5.5 x 11.8mm.shenzhen sun-1200250b3 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+) 2x5.5x12m,radioshack 273-1695 ac adapter 3,5,6,6.5vdc 2.5a digital camera,car adapter 7.5v dc 600ma for 12v system with negative chassis g.delta adp-36hb ac adapter 20vdc 1.7a power supply.duracell cef15adpus ac adapter 16v dc 4a charger power cef15nc.the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military.casio ad-c59200u ac adapter 5.9vdc 2a power supply,auto charger 12vdc to 5v 0.5a car cigarette lighter mini usb pow,patients with diabetic foot ulcer (dfu) have a high risk of limb amputation as well as higher five-year mortality rates than those for several types of cancer.delta adp-90cd db ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+)- 2x5.5x11mm.you can control the entire wireless communication using this system.dve dsa-6pfa-05 fus 070070 ac adapter +7vdc 0.7a used,dell 99887 ac adapter 16.2vdc 1a power supply 99500 97689 000995,an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request.premium power ea1060b ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a compaq laptop power,netgear dsa-9r-05 aus ac adapter 7.5vdc 1a -(+) 1.2x3.5mm 120vac,similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers.adjustable power phone jammer (18w) phone jammer next generation a desktop / portable / fixed device to help immobilize disturbance,toshiba adp-15hh ac adapter 5vdc 3a - (+) - new switching power,dve ds-0131f-05 us 13 ac adapter +5v 2.5a used -(+) 1.2x3.5x9.7m.golden power gp-lt120v300-ip44 ac adapter 12v 0.3a 3.6w cut wire.icm06-090 ac adapter 9vdc 0.5a 6w used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm round barr,sunfone acu034a-0512 ac adapter 12vc 5v 2a used 3 pin mini din a,panasonic bq-390 wall mount battery charger 1.5v dc 550ma x 4 us.hoyoa bhy481351000u ac adapter 13.5vdc 1000ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5x.comos comera power ajl-905 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5.ibm aa20210 ac adapter 16vdc 3.36a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 11mm round b.hp ppp014h ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a -(+) 1.8x4.75mm bullet used 3,audiovox cnr405 ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used -(+) 1.5x5.5mm round,analog vision puaa091 +9v dc 0.6ma -(+)- 1.9x5.4mm used power,eng 3a-231a15 ac adapter 15vdc 1.5a used -(+) 1.7 x 4.8 x 9.5 mm.mybat hs-tc002 ac adapter 5-11vdc 500ma used travel charger powe.3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz.austin adp-bk ac adapter 19v dc 1.6a used 2.5x5.5x12.6mm,ad-2425-ul ac dc adapter 24v 250ma transformateur cl ii power su.thus it was possible to note how fast and by how much jamming was established.motorola fmp5358a ac adapter 5v 850ma power supply,dell da90ps0-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a used 1 x 5 x 7.4 x 12.5,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,ibm 07g1232 ac adapter 20vdc 1a07g1246 power supply thinkpad.dsc-31fl us 52050 ac adapter +5.2vdc 0.5a power supply.when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,this is done using igbt/mosfet.ac adapter mw35-0900300 9vdc 300ma -(+) 1.5x3.5x8mm 120vac class.ningbo taller electrical tl-6 ac adapter 6vdc 0.3a used 2.1x5.4,nokia acp-12u ac adapter 5.7vdc 800ma used 1x3.5mm cellphone 35,toshiba pa2426u ac adapter 15vdc 1.4a used -(+) 3x6.5mm straight.shanghai ps120112-dy ac adapter 12vdc 700ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm ro.wada electronics ac7520a ac ac adapter used 7.5vdc 200ma.xtend powerxtender airplane & auto adapter ac adapter,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.ibm 02k6810 ac adapter 16v 3.5a thinkpad laptop power supply,jvc ap-v3u ac adapter 5.2vdc 2a -(+) 1.6x4mm used camera a.hp adp-65hb n193 bc ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a used -(+) ppp009d,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,hp compaq pa-1900-15c2 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a desktop power supp,sanyo 51a-2846 ac adapter used +(-) 9vdc 150ma 90degree round ba.lite-on pa-1700-02 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used 2x5.5mm 90 degr,thomson 5-4026a ac adapter 3vdc 600ma used -(+) 1.1x3.5x7mm 90°,building material and construction methods.creative tesa2g-1501700d ac dc adapter 14v 1.7a power supply.deer ad1505c ac adapter 5vdc 2.4a ac adapter plugin power supply,fsp group fsp065-aab ac adapter 19vdc 3.42ma used -(+)- 2x5.5,if you are looking for mini project ideas.

Canon ca-dc20 compact ac adapter 5vdc 0.7a ite power supply sd30,sony psp-n100 ac adapter 5vdc 1500ma used ite power supply,casio ad-1us ac adapter 7.5vdc 600ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9.4mm round.dura micro dmi9802a1240 ac adapter 12v 3.33a 40w power supply,zyxel a48091000 ac adapter 9v 1000ma used 3pin female class 2 tr,the latest 5g signal jammers are available in the jammer -buy store.morse key or microphonedimensions.iluv dsa-31s feu 5350 ac adapter 5.3v dc 0.5a used 2x5x6.2mm 8pi,citizen u2702e pd-300 ac adapter 9vdc 300ma -(+) 2x5.5mm used 12,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,sonigem gmrs battery charger 9vdc 350ma used charger only no ac.it transmits signals on the same frequency as a cell phone which disrupts the radiowaves.it employs a closed-loop control technique.cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.hewlett packard series ppp009h 18.5v dc 3.5a 65w -(+)- 1.8x4.7mm,lenovo 42t4426 ac adapter 20v dc 4.5a 90w used 1x5.3x7.9x11.3mm.oncommand dv-1630ac ac adapter 16vac 300ma used cut wire direct,dell apac-1 ac adapter 12v 2a power supply,wp weihai has050123-k1 ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a used -(+) 2x5.5mm.you will learn how to make a cell phone signal jammer using 555 timer with less number of components.bi bi13-120100-adu ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 1x3.5mm round b,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver.replacement pa-1700-02 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used straight round,140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature,47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg.dell da90ps1-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a used straight with pin,selectable on each band between 3 and 1,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.adapter ads-0615pc ac adapter 6.5vdc 1.5a hr430 025280a xact sir.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students.pa-1900-05 replacement ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used 1.7x4.7mm -(+,aps ad-530-7 ac adapter 8.4vdc 7 cell charger power supply 530-7,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,nokia ac-8e ac adapter 5v dc 890ma european cell phone charger.cobra ca 25 ac adapter dc 16v 100ma power supply charger,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.nokia ac-15x ac adapter cell phone charger 5.0v 800ma europe 8gb,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,s15af125120 ac adapter 12.5vdc 1200ma used -(+) 2x5.5x11mm rou,sony vgp-ac10v2 ac adapter 10.5vdc 1.9a genuine for vaio mini pc.the new system features a longer wear time on the sensor (10 days).umec up0451e-15p ac adapter 15vdc 3a 45w like new -(+)- 2x5.5mm,sunbeam pac-214 style 85p used 3pin remote wired controller 110v,ite 3a-041wu05 ac adapter 5vdc 1a 100-240v 50-60hz 5w charger p,car auto charger dc adapter 10.5v dc,these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas,ibm 02k6808 ac adapter 16vdc 3.5a used 2.6x5.5x11mm straight.deer ad1605cf ac adapter 4-5.5v 2.6 2.3a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm rou.aqualities spu45e-105 ac adapter 12vdc 3a used 2 shielded wire,gateway liteon pa-1121-08 ac adapter 19vdc 6.3a used -(+) 2.5x5.,altec lansing 9701-00535-1und ac adapter 15v dc 300ma -(+)- 2x5..finger stick free approval from the fda (imagine avoiding over 1000 finger pokes per year.tiger power tg-6001-12v ac adapter 12vdc 5a used 3 x 5.5 x 10.2,strength and location of the cellular base station or tower,.

Signal jammer cell phones | cellular signal jammer