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Downtown Seattle, a typical test-case environment. Multi-Constellations Working in a Dense Urban Future GNSS receivers in cell phones will soon support four or more satellite constellations and derive additional location measurements from other sources: cellular location, MEMS sensors, Wi-Fi, and others. The authors propose test standards covering these sources, meeting industry requirements for repeatable testing while considering the user experience. By Peter Anderson, Esther Anyaegbu, and Richard Catmur Cellular location test standards include well-defined and widely used standards for GPS-based systems in both the 3rd Generation Partnership Program cellular technologies of GSM/WCDMA/LTE, typically referenced as the 3GPP standards, and for CDMA technologies in the 3GPP2 standards. These standards provide a reference benchmark for location performance in the laboratory, when the unit under test is directly connected to the test system via a coax connection. In addition, standards are being rolled out, such as the CTIA ­— The Wireless Association total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) requirement, for over-the-air (OTA) testing and developed further with LTE A-GPS OTA using SUPL 2.0. These tests are typically performed in an anechoic chamber and allow the performance of the antenna to be included. Recently developed standards such as the 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 37.571-1 cover multi-constellation systems, typically GPS and GLONASS for a two-constellation system, or GPS, GLONASS and Galileo for a three-constellation system, with options for additionally supporting QZSS and space-based augmentation system (SBAS) satellites. During 2014, the standards will encompass additional constellations such as the BeiDou satellite system. Figure 1A. GNSS systems available in the 2015-2020 timescale. Figure 1B. GNSS systems available in the 2015-2020 timescale. Significant change is also happening with the additional technologies such as cellular location, Wi-Fi, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors providing location information. Hybrid solutions using all/any available location information from these multiple technologies present significant challenges to both the test environment and the related test standards. The acceptance levels required for the platform integrators and their customers are becoming much more stringent, as the use cases of the location become more diverse. These present further challenges to the performance requirements for test standards for cellular location. Measuring Performance The rapid growth in the GNSS applications market has driven users to demand improvements in the performance and reliability of GNSS receivers. The test standards currently employed by cellular phone and network manufacturers to evaluate the performance of GNSS receivers are even more stringent than the regulatory mandates for positioning of emergency callers and other location-based services. Emergency-call positioning is an example of a service that must provide a position fix in both outdoor and indoor environments. A user’s experience with a GNSS receiver begins when he switches on the device. The quality of his experience defines the basic performance criteria used to assess the performance of a GNSS receiver. How long did it take to get a position fix? How accurate is the position fix? When the fix is lost, how long did it take the device to reacquire satellites and re-compute the fix? These expectations  define the performance of the GNSS receiver. Manufacturers use these performance metrics to compare the performance of different GNSS receivers. The receiver’s time-to-first-fix (TTFF) depends on the initial conditions; that is, the type of acquisition aiding data (almanac data, ephemerides, knowledge of time and frequency, and so on) available to the receiver when it is switched on. Users now expect location-based applications to work regardless of where they are and whether they are in a fixed location or on the move. They expect the same level of performance when they are indoors at home or at work, as outdoors in a rural or urban environment. This has led to an increased demand for accurate and reliable outdoor and indoor positioning. Reacquisition time — how quickly a receiver recovers when the user goes through a pedestrian underpass or under a tunnel or a bridge, for instance — is not tested in any of the existing test standards discussed here. The useable sensitivity of any GNSS receiver is key to its performance. It defines the availability of a GNSS positioning fix. The acquisition sensitivity defines the minimum received power level at which the receiver can acquire satellites and compute a position fix, while the tracking sensitivity of a receiver defines the minimum received power level at which a GNSS receiver is still able to track and maintain a position fix. Different applications use different criteria to characterize the performance of a GNSS receiver. In an E911 scenario, for instance, position accuracy and response time are critical, whereas for navigation while driving, accuracy and tracking sensitivity are important. The test criteria employed by different manufacturers are intended to verify the suitability of a particular device for the required application. The initial test conditions are defined by the manufacturers to ensure that the different devices are tested in the same way. These conditions describe how the test sessions are started, and what acquisition aiding data are available at the start of the test session. The main divisions among performance tests are: Laboratory-based tests, either conducted versus OTA RF testing, or simulated versus record-and-playback signal testing. Real-world testing (field testing). This can be difficult because the test conditions are never the same. Fortunately, it is possible to record these scenarios using an RF data recorder. This allows the same real-world scenario (with the same test conditions) to be tested repeatedly in the lab. Static scenario testing versus moving scenario testing. Comparison tests — relative testing (comparing one receiver against another): for reported signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), reported accuracy, and repeatability tests. Current GNSS Test Standards Varying performance requirements test the TTFF, accuracy, multipath tolerance, acquisition, and tracking sensitivity of the GNSS receiver. The first three following are industry-defined test standards: 3GPP2 CDMA Performance Standards. The 3GPP2 CDMA test standards (C.S0036-A) are similar to the 3GPP test standards. The 3GPP2 is for CDMA cellular systems, which are synchronized to GPS time. 3GPP GNSS Performance Standards. The latest 3GPP TS 37.571-1 test standard describes the tests for the minimum performance requirements for GNSS receivers that support multi-constellations. It is slightly more stringent than the original 3GPP TS 34.171 test standard. In the 3GPP TS 37.571-1 coarse-time sensitivity test case, signals for only six satellites are generated, whereas in the TS 34.171 coarse-time sensitivity scenario, signals for eight satellites are generated. Table 1 shows the power levels and satellite allocation for a multi-constellation 3GPP TS 37.571-1 coarse-time sensitivity test case. In this scenario, the pilot signal will always be GPS, if GPS is supported. The signal level of the pilot signal for GPS and GLONASS have been set as –142 dBm, while the non-pilot signal level for GPS and GLONASS have been set as –147 dBm. Table 1. 3GPP TS 37.571-1 Satellite allocation. For the 3GPP TS 37.571-1 fine-time assistance test case, six satellites are generated. For the dual-constellation fine-time test, the split is 3+3, and for a triple-constellation test case, the split is 2+2+2, as shown in Table 2. Table 2. 3GPP TS 37.571-1 fine-time satellite allocation. OTA Requirements. Testing standards have been rolled out for OTA testing, where the testing is typically performed in an anechoic chamber, allowing antenna performance to be included, with tests for the receive sensitivity referenced to an isotropic antenna and over partial summations such as the upper hemisphere. They measure the TIS of the final receiver, and operator requirements typically require  OTA acquisition sensitivity of –140 dBm and tracking sensitivity of –145 dBm or lower. Other modified test standards used by manufacturers to assess the performance of the GNSS receiver include: Nominal Accuracy Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP nominal accuracy test case. All signals are reduced in steps of 1 dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. Dynamic Range Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP dynamic range test case. All signals are reduced in steps of 1 dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. Sensitivity Coarse-Time Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP sensitivity coarse-time test case. Both the pilot and non-pilot signals are reduced in steps of 1dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. Pilot Sensitivity Coarse-Time Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP coarse-time sensitivity test case. The non-pilot signals are always kept at –152 dBm while the signal level of the pilot signal is reduced in steps of 1 dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. Non-Pilot Sensitivity Coarse-Time Margin Test. This test is based on the 3GPP coarse-time sensitivity test case. In this test, the pilot signal is always kept at –142 dBm while the signal levels of the other seven non-pilot signals are reduced in steps of 1 dB till the test fails to achieve a fix in 20 seconds. These modified performance tests are used because they map directly to the end-user’s experience in the real world, measuring the position accuracy, response time, and sensitivity of the GNSS receiver. Current Equipment. The equipment required for the current test standards are all GNSS multi-satellite simulator-based, either using a single constellation (for GPS), or a multi-constellation GNSS simulator as a component of a larger cellular test system. Limitation of Current Standards So far, tests for GNSS in cellular devices have been very much customer/manufacturer specific, starting with 3GPP-type tests, but adding to them. Each will have its own preferred type of tests, with different configurations and types of tests. They have included primarily GNSS simulator tests, either directly connected to the device under test or using radiated signals, together with some corner cases. With chips such as the ST-Ericsson CG1960 GNSS IC, this means that different tests need to be performed for each customer. Typically the tests are focused on cold or hot TTFF type tests, or sensitivity type tests. Live signal tests have typically been used for drive tests, with a receiver being driven around an appropriate test route, normally in an urban environment. More recently RF replays have become much more widely used, but do require truth data to give validity. RF replay tests are typically used for specific difficult routes for urban drive tests or pedestrian tests. The 3GPP types of test standards were developed to provide a simple set of repeatable tests. However, they are idealistic, and they do not relate closely to any real-world scenario, and the test connection is defined to be at the antenna port of the system. In reality, different manufacturers and network operator standards take these tests as a given, and define margins on the tests to allow for typical losses due to antennas and implementation on a platform. These margins might be as much as 8 or 10 dB. In addition, manufacturers and network operators define their own variants of the 3GPP tests to match typical real-world usage cases, such as deep indoor. Challenges Current location test specifications assume that the key input to the location calculation is always the GPS constellation. With the rise of additional constellations and alternative location sources, and the challenges of the urban environment, GPS will be one of many different inputs to the location position. The key for the future will be for standards focused on testing location performance, irrespective of which constellations are visible, and also being able to fully test the system performance. Tests will be suggested that allow the basic functionality of a system to be checked, but can be enhanced to stress-test the performance of a receiver. As future location systems will use all available inputs to produce a location, there will be challenges to the supporting test standards and test equipment to handle all of these in parallel. The initial challenge for location test standards has been the use of GNSS constellations in addition to GPS. Current leading GNSS receivers in cellular devices make use of GPS, GLONASS, SBAS, and QZSS, and network-aiding information for A-GLONASS is being rolled out in the cellular networks. The 3GPP TS 37.571-1 specification has been derived from the original GPS-only specification TS 34.171, with the addition of GLONASS and Galileo constellation options. These allow single-, dual-, or triple-constellation tests to be performed. If there is GPS in the system, then GPS is viewed as the primary constellation, and tests like the sensitivity coarse-time assistance test would have a satellite from the GPS constellation with the highest signal level. The test standards also accommodate the use of some satellites from SBAS such as WAAS and QZSS. These tests require that the performance shall be met without the use of any data coming from sensors that can aid the positioning. This is only the first stage in the rollout of new GNSS constellations, and in the near future, GNSS receivers in cellular phones will support four or more constellations, and possibly also on frequencies additional to the L1 band, covering some or all of: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou Phase 2, BeiDou Phase 3, QZSS, SBAS, and IRNSS. Table 3. Suggested four-constellation mix (Pilot signal to rotate round constellations). The challenge for the minimum-performance specifications is to accommodate these different constellations as they become fully available. For the new constellations, this will initially be purely simulator-based, but could be extended to use of live data for certain test cases as the constellations are built up. A further challenge for the test specifications is that some of the systems are regionally based, so a performance specification based on a global approach is not applicable. Further, tests must be severe enough to stress the receiver. With multiple constellations, it can be simple to pass a test without using all available satellites or constellations. Other Location Sources (Hybrid Solution). Within the cellular platform, location can be provided by a number of different technologies, either separately or compositely, to provide a location to the accuracy required by the user. Technologies currently available include: Cellular network: cell ID and cell network triangulation LTE Positioning Protocol Fine time assistance (for aiding) Wi-Fi network name (service set identifier, or SSID) Wi-Fi ranging MEMS sensors Near-field communication Bluetooth Pseudolites, other beacons, coded LED lights, and so on. Real-World Environments. Measuring performance in a real environment is becoming much more important, as the user experience becomes much more key. The product must not only pass particular specifications, but must also meet customer expectations. In the age of the blog, negative customer feedback can damage a product’s reputation. But with the various GNSS constellations and other sources of location information, performance testing is growing significantly in complexity, and test standards needed to cover this complexity will also become more complex. The simple user criteria could be stated as “I want the system to provide a rapid, accurate position wherever I am.” But how accurate? The end-user of a location system does not use a GNSS simulator with clean signals, but a location device with live signals, often in difficult environments. This has been recognized by platform integrators, and live test routes for both urban drive and urban pedestrian routes are now required. The performance required of the receiver in these locations has also changed, from “just need to get a fix of limited accuracy” to getting accurate location information, both from a fix (even from a cold start in a built-up area), to continuous navigation (better than 30-meter accuracy 99 percent of the time) throughout a test run. Typical environments for these test cases include locales in many major cities, such as the environment in the OPENING PHOTO  of Seattle and one shown here of Seoul, Korea. Seoul, Korea, a typical test-case environment. Coexistence and Interference. Recent controversies have raised the profile of GNSS interference from other wireless technologies. However, within the cellular platform, significant coexistence and potential interference issues are already present. These can occur due to adjacent channel interference, or from harmonics of cellular frequencies on the platform, for example, the second harmonic of the uplink channel for LTE Band 13 overlays the BeiDou-2 frequency of 1561MHz, and the second harmonics of both Bands 13 and 14 create out-of-band emissions in the GPS band (Figures 2 and 3). Figure 2. BeiDou and LTE bands 13/14. Figure 3. GPS and LTE bands 13/14. Test Proliferation. The increase in the number of GNSS constellations together with the use of other location sources to provide a hybrid solution could increase the number of tests to be performed exponentially. When this is then combined with the need to test over a range of simulated and real-world locations, together with customer specific requirements, a set of tests could easily take weeks to run. It is therefore important to ensure that the cellular location test standards are carefully constructed to not significantly proliferate the number and time for tests to be performed. Future Test Equipment A new generation of test equipment is emerging to meet the new challenges and requirements of multi-constellation GNSS and hybrid location systems. These include: GNSS Simulators. Simulators currently provide up to three GNSS constellations, together with augmentation systems. With the roll-out of BeiDou-2, four-constellation simulators will now be required. Currently all GNSS devices integrated in cellular platforms use the L1 band. This will also potentially change to multi-frequency use. The appropriate GNSS simulator will need to be included in the cellular test system. New Hybrid Test Systems. As the need for testing hybrid positioning systems in cellular devices emerges, hybrid location test systems (HLTS) are becoming available that can simulate and test hybrids of A-GNSS, Wi-Fi, MEMS sensors, and cellular positioning technologies, all in one system. Today, these test systems use separate simulators for the different individual technologies (like GNSS, Wi-Fi, and so on), but these are now being merged into multi-system simulators that combine a number of different technologies into one device (see Figure 4). RF Replay. The use of RF replay units for replicating live trials is already widespread. This will extend with further constellations and further frequency bands. The advantages of using RF recorded data include: Gives real-world data, which if the location is chosen carefully will stress the device under test; Allows use of recorded test data from several/many urban locations; Good for drive and pedestrian test applications; Will be integrated in the HLTS type of test system. The disadvantages of using RF recorded data include: Results not deterministic; Taken at one point in time, do not allow for future development of satellite constellations; Proprietary recording devices, difficult to define a standard; Need to include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to get accurate truth data. The difficulties of using RF replays include: Successfully integrating all the signal environment (cellular, Wi-Fi, MEMS, and so on); Multiple runs required to give reliable data (for example, 13 runs at different times of day to give a range of satellite geometry and user speed, between rush hour and middle of night); Multiple locations required to stress the system; Test time can be up to a day of real-time testing to re-run tests on one location. Proposal for Hybrid Positioning Tests should include a mixture of simulator-based tests, RF-replay-based tests, and live tests. This would comprise the following suite: GNSS Performance Tests. The 3GPP type of tests (TS 37.571-1) are a good starting point for a minimum performance test, but they rely on the person running the test to define the number of constellations. To automate this, there could be a single test at the start of each test sequence to identify which constellations are supported (one to four), and then the formal test run for that mix of constellations. The constellations supported should be reported as part of the test report. An option should be provided to allow margin tests for specific tests to be run, and these should again be reported in a standard method in the test report, specifying how far the device under test exceeds the 3GPP test. The typical margins expected for a GPS-only test would be between 8 and 10 dB in the 2014 timeframe. For a multi-constellation test, it will depend on the specific constellations used, but could be between 5 and 8 dB margin. Ideally, a multipath scenario should be created that more closely matches the environment seen in a real urban environment. Hybrid Location Tests. The main purpose of the hybrid location test is to prove that the different components of a cellular platform providing location are all operating correctly. A basic test would provide a sequence where the different combinations providing location are tested for correct operation separately, and then together. This would not be envisaged as a complete stress test, but each technology should be running in a mode where a location solution is not simple. A simple example sequence of tests would be: GNSS performance test; Cell ID static test; Wi-Fi SSID static test Cell ID and Wi-Fi SSID static test Cell ID and GNSS static test (GNSS –142 dBm)  Wi-Fi SSID and GNSS static test (GNSS –142 dBm) Cell ID, Wi-Fi SSID, and GNSS static test (GNSS –142 dBm) Cell ID, Wi-Fi SSID, GNSS, and sensors moving test. See how easily tests can proliferate! A more stringent test could then be performed to stress-test the performance if required, and if required a playback test could be performed (see RF Replay test below). The additional location sources can also aid in providing initial states and information for the position-determination system, in addition to the common assisted-GNSS information provided by the network. This will be particularly important in indoor and other environments where GNSS performance is compromised. Further developments such as the LTE Positioning Protocol Extensions (LPPe) from the Open Mobile Alliance will also allow the sending of additional information to the device to improve the accuracy of the position. This additional information could include accurate time, altitude information, and other parameters. Future assistance standards should enhance the use of this information, and test standards should verify the correct use of this information. RF Replay (or Playback) Tests. GNSS performance is statistical, and it is important to ensure that any tests have sufficient breadth and repetition to ensure statistical reliability. This applies to the more normal standard simulator tests, as well as to the uses of tests in the urban environment. For example, performance in the urban environment can vary significantly between two closely spaced runs, and can also be very dependent on the time of the day. A test done in the daytime may hit rush-hour traffic, whereas tests done at night will have relatively free flow, and hence faster average speeds. Additionally, the space-vehicle constellation geometry is constantly changing, which can enhance or degrade the GNSS performance. These factors need to be considered in generating any test routes. For RF replay tests, a number of specific locations for urban driving and pedestrian routes should be specified. These locations should be based on network-operator test requirements, and include a mixture of suburban and deep urban environments (such as Tehran Street, Seoul). For each location, ten different data sets should be used, captured at different times, including peak rush hour at a specified hour. The data set should also include separate high-performance IMU data to provide truth data. To provide test consistency, a golden-standard data set should be used. But with different suppliers this would be difficult. For pedestrian tests, a similar number of different routes should be defined, and data captured similarly. Ideally, all data useable for a hybrid solution should be captured, and available for replay. The test criteria analyzed for this could include: yield; horizontal position error, along-track error, across-track error, heading error, and speed error. Interference Tests with Different Cellular Bands. It is important to have a standard test to demonstrate that the device under test does not have performance degradation due to interference from particular cellular subsystems interfering with the GNSS. For this test, the device should be tested in an OTA environment to ensure that all interference coupling mechanisms are present. Two tests should be performed: first, a tracking test. In this the A-GPS performance is tested by measuring the GNSS carrier-to-noise ratio for each GNSS band, while all the wireless channels on the platform are exercised sequentially. The test result would indicate the maximum number of dBs degradation that occurs. Second, a cold-start test at –140 dBm should be performed separately while each wireless channel on the platform is exercised. Any extension in cold-start TTFF should be noted. Conclusions The challenges for cellular location test standards have increased significantly with the availability of new GNSS constellations, and the use of all available technologies within the cellular platform to provide the best appropriate location for the required use case. For test standards to be relevant, and also able to be run in an appropriate time, they must consider both the requirements to prove that the appropriate technology is operating correctly, and also bear a relationship to the final system performance required. This means, for example, that a multi-constellation GNSS receiver is really using all the constellations appropriately, and also that the end-user performance requirement is considered. Existing cellular test standards are minimum performance requirements, but future standards should encapsulate the minimum performance requirements while also allowing standard extension to provide a consistent performance description. Further to this, platform performance must be proved in all standing operating modes, which means, for example, that the cellular system be checked when operating in all supported bands. Test equipment to support future cellular test standards is in development, but the significant challenges will be in providing equipment to fully support urban drive and pedestrian performance requirements. In conclusion, the ability to appropriately test a hybrid location system, comprising multi-constellation GNSS and additional location technologies, presents almost as many challenges as generating the hybrid solution in the first place. Acknowledgments Many thanks to the GNSS team at ST-Ericsson, and at Spirent, and also to our customers for the challenges that they have presented as the required location performances have changed and increased. Manufacturers Figure 4 is taken from a Spirent Hybrid Location Test System (HLTS). Peter Anderson received master’s degrees in electrical sciences from Cambridge University and in microelectronics from Durham University. Until recently, he was a GPS systems manager and the GNSS Fellow at ST-Ericsson; he is now a consultant with PZA Systems Ltd. Esther Anyaegbu is a senior systems architect at ST-Ericsson. She earned her Ph.D. in data communications systems from the University of Leeds, where she focused on the processing of GNSS signals in the frequency domain. Richard Catmur is head of standards development at Spirent Communications. He holds an M.A. in engineering science from Oxford University. He has served as rapporteur, editor, or major contributor to all 3GPP and OMA standards on the testing of positioning in wireless devices.

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Phihong psc12r-090 ac adapter9v dc 1.11a new -(+) 2.1x5.5x9.3.dtmf controlled home automation system,i mean you can jam all the wifi near by you.cidco n4116-1230-dc ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used 2 x 5.5 x 10mm s,syquest ap07sq-us ac adapter 5v 0.7a 12v 0.3a used5 pin din co.pa-1700-02 replacement ac adapter 18.5v dc 3.5a laptop power sup,thermo gastech 49-2163 ac adapter 12.6vdc 220/70ma battery charg.metrologic 3a-052wp05 ac adapter 5-5.2v 1a - ---c--- + used90.sanyo var-33 ac adapter 7.5v dc 1.6a 10v 1.4a used european powe.samsung j-70 ac adapter 5vdc 1a mp3 charger used 100-240v 1a 50/.compaq adp-50ch bc ac adapter 18.5vdc 2.7a used 1.8x4.8mm round.p-056a rfu adapter power supply for use with playstation brick d,the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area,this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity,emachines lse0202c1890 ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a power supply,aa41-120500 ac adapter 12vac 500ma used 1.9x5.5x12mm straight ro,oem dds0121-052150 5.2vdc 1.5a -(+)- auto cigarette lighter car,fujitsu ca1007-0950 ac adapter 19v 60w laptop power supply,toshiba up01221050a 06 ac adapter 5vdc 2.0a psp16c-05ee1,hb hb12b-050200spa ac adapter 5vdc 2000ma used 2.3 x 5.3 x 11.2,finecom hk-h5-a12 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240vac,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses,delta adp-65jh db ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used 1.5x5.5mm 90°rou,ktec ka12d090120046u ac adapter 9vdc 1200ma used 2 x 5.4 x 14.2,la-300 ac adapter 6vdc 300ma used usb charger powe supply.d-link dir-505a1 ac adapter used shareport mobile companion powe,fidelity electronics u-charge new usb battery charger 0220991603.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system.j0d-41u-16 ac adapter 7.5vdc 700ma used -(+)- 1.2 x 3.4 x 7.2 mm.nec pa-1600-01 ac adapter 19v dc 3.16a used 2.8x5.5x10.7mm,southwestern bell freedom phone n35150930-ac ac adapter 9vac 300.liteon pa-1650-22 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used 1.7x5.4x11.2mm,apple powerbook m1893 ac adapter 16vdc 1.5a 16v 1a used 4 pin di.delta electronics adp-60cb ac dc adapter 19v 3.16a power supply,butterfly labs ac adapter 13vdc 31a 2x 6pin pci-e bfl power supp.vehicle unit 25 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.ault p48480250a01rg ethernet injector power supply 48vdc 250ma.

Ault mw116ka1249f02 ac adapter 12vdc 6.67a 4pin (: :) straight.hp pa-2111-01h ac dc adapter 19v 2950ma power supply,hengguang hgspchaonsn ac adapter 48vdc 1.8a used cut wire power,apple design m2763 ac adapter 12vdc 750ma -(+) 2.5x5.5mm used 12.a cell phone signal booster (also known as a cell phone repeater) is a system made up of an outside antenna (called a donor antenna),you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page.pa-1600-07 replacement ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm us,it detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously,prime minister stephen harper’s conservative federal government introduced a bill oct,energizer saw-0501200 ac adapter 5vd used 2 x 4 x 9 mm straight,bellsouth sa41-57a ac adapter 9vdc 400ma used -(+) 2x5.5x12mm 90,umec up0351e-12p ac adapter +12vdc 3a 36w used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm ro,cell phone signal jammer handheld blocker for phone wireless signal 6 antenna.automatic changeover switch,go through the paper for more information,it is efficient in blocking the transmission of signals from the phone networks,dura micro pa-215 ac adapter 12v 1.8a 5v 1.5a dual voltage 4pins,powmax ky-05060s-44 88-watt 44v 2a ac power adapter for charging,pega nintendo wii blue light charge station 420ma.auto charger 12vdc to 5v 1a micro usb bb9900 car cigarette light,bell phones dv-1220 dc ac adapter 12vdc 200ma power supply,component telephone 350903003ct ac adapter 9vdc 300ma used -(+),310mhz 315mhz 390mhz 418mhz 433mhz 434mhz 868mhz.cambridge tead-48-091000u ac adapter 9vdc 1a used 2 x 5.5 x 12mm,4.5v-9.5vdc 100ma ac adapter used cell phone connector power sup,sony pcga-ac19v3 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.7a 90w power supply vgp-ac.cad-10 car power adapter 12vdc used -(+) 1.5x4mm pdb-702 round b.ault cs240pwrsup ac adapter 7.5vdc 260ma used 9.0vac 250ma.cge pa009ug01 ac adapter 9vdc 1a e313759 power supply.dtmf controlled home automation system.desk-top rps571129g +5v +12v -12v dc 1a 0.25a 25w power supply f.this project shows a temperature-controlled system.braun 4728 base power charger used for personal plaque remover d.this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,please pay special attention here.sunbeam gb-2 ac adapter 110-120vac used transformer shaver canad.ihome kss24-075-2500u ac adapter 7.5vdc 2500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x1.

2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz,set01b electronic transformer 12vac 105w 110vac crystal halogen.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,0335c2065 advent ac dc adapter 20v 3.25a charger power supply la,panasonic de-891aa ac adapter 8vdc 1400ma used -(+)- 1.8 x 4.7 x,computer wise dv-1280-3 ac adapter 12v dc 1000ma class 2 transfo,compaq ppp012h ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a -(+)- 1.8x4.7mm.rs rs-1203/0503-s335 ac adapter 12vdc 5vdc 3a 6pin din 9mm 100va.modul 66881f ac adapter 12vac 1660ma 25w 2p direct plug in power.targus apa30ca 19.5vdc 90w max used 2pin female ite power supply.delta adp-60zh d ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a used -(+) 3.5x5.5mm roun,with infrared the remote control turns on/off the power.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,daveco ad-116-12 ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used 2.1 x 5.4 x 10.6 mm,microsoft 1134 wireless receiver 700v2.0 used 5v 100ma x814748-0,gbc 1152560 ac adapter 16vac 1.25a used 2.5x5.5x12mm round barre,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.design your own custom team swim suits.the proposed design is low cost,sony ac-v35 ac power adapter 7.5vdc 1.6a can use with sony ccd-f,chd scp0501500p ac adapter 5vdc 1500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm roun.achme am138b05s15 ac dc adapter 5v 3a power supply,hqrp ac adapter 19.5v 4.62a used 5 x 7.4 x 11.8mm straight round,bellsouth dv-1250 ac adapter 12vdc 500ma power supply,atlinks 5-2418a ac adapter 9vac 400ma ~(~) 2x5.5mm 90° used 120v,nyko aspw01 ac adapter 12.2vdc 0.48a used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm round,mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers.pv ad7112a ac adapter 5.2v 500ma switching power supply for palm.nok cla-500-20 car charger auto power supply cla 10r-020248.lind pb-2 auto power adapter 7.5vdc 3.0a macintosh laptop power.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter.control electrical devices from your android phone.hi capacity le-9720a-05 ac adapter 15-17vdc 3.5a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm.nokia ac-8e ac adapter 5v dc 890ma european cell phone charger.standard briefcase – approx,shun shing dc12500f ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x8mm r,southwestern bell freedom phone 9a300u ac adapter 9vac 300ma.

Dell pa-2 ac adapter 20vdc 3.5a ite power supply 85391 zvc70ns20,cisco aironet air-pwrinj3 48v dc 0.32a used power injector.gps signal blocker jammer network.delta eadp-20tb b ac adapter 5vdc 4a used -(+) 1.5x4mm motorola.dv-2412a ac adapter 24vac 1.2a ~(~) 2x5.5mm 120vac used power su,motorola psm5185a cell phone charger 5vdc 550ma mini usb ac adap.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,mastercraft 223-m91 battery charger 12-18vdcni-cd nickel cadmi.liteon pa-1181-08qa ac adapter 19v 9.5a 4pin 10mm power din 180w.mobile phone jammer market size 2021 by growth potential,toshiba pa2501u ac adapter 15v 2a 30w laptop power supply,hipro hp-ok065b13 ac adapter 19vdc 3.43a 65w power supply laptop,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls,hp photosmart r-series dock fclsd-0401 ac adapter used 3.3vdc 25,toshiba adp-65db ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w for gateway acer lap,ron gear rgd35-03006 ac adapter 3vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.15x2.5x10.3500g size：385 x 135 x 50mm warranty：one year,hipower a0105-225 ac adapter 16vdc 3.8a used -(+)- 1 x 4.5 x 6 x.coolmax am240b ac adapter 5v dc 2a 12v used 5pin mini din,ibm 02k7085 ac adapter 16vdc 7.5a 120w 4pin 10mm female used 100.zyxel a48091000 ac adapter 9v 1000ma used 3pin female class 2 tr.hewlett packard series ppp009h 18.5v dc 3.5a 65w -(+)- 1.8x4.7mm,jvc aa-v70u camcorder dual battery charger used 3.6vdc 1.3a 6vdc.acbel api4ad20 ac adapter 15v dc 5a switching power supply adapt.citizen u2702e pd-300 ac adapter 9vdc 300ma -(+) 2x5.5mm used 12,finecom py-398 ac adapter 5v dc 2000ma 1.3 x 3.5 x 9.8mm,circuit-test ad-1280 ac adapter 12v dc 800ma new 9pin db9 female,lei nu30-4120250-i3 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used 2x5.5mm 30w motor,dell adp-90ah b ac adapter c8023 19.5v 4.62a power supply,audiovox cnr405 ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used -(+) 1.5x5.5mm round,axis sa120a-0530-c ac adapter 5.1vdc 2000ma used -(+) 0.9x3.5x9m.680986-53 ac adapter 6.5v 250ma used cradle connector plug-in.spectra-physics ault sw 306 ac adapter 5v 1a 12v scanning system,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,bti veg90a-190a universal ac adapter 15-20v 5.33a 90w laptop pow,hipower ea11603 ac adapter 18-24v 160w laptop power supply 3x6.5,ac dc adapter 5v 2a cellphone travel charger power supply.

3m 521-01-43 ac adapter 8.5v 470ma used - working 3 pin plug cla,when shall jamming take place.and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio,compaq adp-60bb ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a used 2.5x5.5mm -(+)- 100-,ge nu-90-5120700-i2 ac adapter 12v dc 7a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-2,elpac power mi2824 ac adapter 24vdc 1.17a used 2.5x5.5x9.4mm rou.ikea kmv-040-030-na ac adapter 4vdc 0.75a 3w used 2 pin din plug,replacement tj-65-185350 ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a used -(+) 5x7.3,an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request.230 vusb connectiondimensions.energizer accu chm4fc rechargeable universal charger like new 2..12v car charger auto cigrate lighter 1.5x4mm round barrel,edac premium power pa2444u ac adapter 13v dc 4a -(+)- 3x6.5mm 10,cui inc epas-101w-05 ac adapter 5vdc 2a (+)- 0.5x2.3mm 100-240va.or 3) imposition of a daily fine until the violation is …,these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room.igloo osp-a6012 (ig) 40025 ac adapter 12vdc 5a kool mate 36 used,business listings of mobile phone jammer.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,toshiba pa3035u-1aca paca002 ac adapter 15v 3a like new lap -(+).sony ericsson cst-75 4.9v dc 700ma cell phone charger,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,best energy be48-48-0012 ac dc adapter 12v 4a power supply,finecom ac adpter 9vdc 4a 100-240vac new,xp power aed100us12 ac adapter 12vdc 8.33a used 2.5 x 5.4 x 12.3,ac adapter 30vac 500ma ~(~) telephone equipment i.t.e. power sup.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,dell pa-1900-02d ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a 5.5x7.4mm -(+) used 10,.

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