Signal jammer police vehicle , signal jammer diy queen

By Saeed Daneshmand, Ali Jafarnia-Jahromi, Ali Broumandan, and Gérard Lachapelle Most anti-spoofing techniques are computationally complicated or limited to a specific spoofing scenario. A new approach uses a two-antenna array to steer a null toward the direction of the spoofing signals, taking advantage of the spatial filtering and the periodicity of the authentic and spoofing signals. It requires neither antenna-array calibration nor a spoofing detection block, and can be employed as an inline anti-spoofing module at the input of conventional GPS receivers. GNSS signals are highly vulnerable to in-band interference such as jamming and spoofing. Spoofing is an intentional interfering signal that aims to coerce GNSS receivers into generating false position/navigation solutions. A spoofing attack is, potentially, significantly more hazardous than jamming since the target receiver is not aware of this threat. In recent years, implementation of software receiver-based spoofers has become feasible due to rapid advances with software-defined radio (SDR) technology. Therefore, spoofing countermeasures have attracted significant interest in the GNSS community. Most of the recently proposed anti-spoofing techniques focus on spoofing detection rather than on spoofing mitigation. Furthermore, most of these techniques are either restricted to specific spoofing scenarios or impose high computational complexity on receiver operation. Due to the logistical limitations, spoofing transmitters often transmit several pseudorandom noise codes (PRNs) from the same antenna, while the authentic PRNs are transmitted from different satellites from different directions. This scenario is shown in Figure 1. In addition, to provide an effective spoofing attack, the individual spoofing PRNs should be as powerful as their authentic peers. Therefore, overall spatial energy of the spoofing signals, which is coming from one direction, is higher than other incident signals. Based on this common feature of the spoofing signals, we propose an effective null-steering approach  to set up a countermeasure against spoofing attacks. This method employs a low-complexity processing technique to simultaneously de-spread the different incident signals and extract their spatial energy. Afterwards, a null is steered toward the direction where signals with the highest amount of energy impinge on the double-antenna array. One of the benefits of this method is that it does not require array calibration or the knowledge of the array configuration, which are the main limitations of antenna-array processing techniques. Processing Method The block diagram of the proposed method is shown in Figure 2. Without loss of generality, assume that s(t) is the received spoofing signal at the first antenna. Figure 2. Operational block diagram of proposed technique. The impinging signal at the second antenna can be modeled by , where θs and μ signify the spatial phase and gain difference between the two channels, respectively. As mentioned before, the spoofer transmits several PRNs from the same direction while the authentic signals are transmitted from different directions. Therefore, θs is the same for all the spoofing signals. However, the incident authentic signals impose different spatial phase differences. In other words, the dominant spatial energy is coming from the spoofing direction. Thus, by multiplying the conjugate of the first channel signals to that of the second channel and then applying a summation over N samples, θs can be estimated as (1) where r1 and r2 are the complex baseband models of the received  signals at the first and the second channels respectively, and Ts is the sampling duration. In (1), θs can be estimated considering the fact that the authentic terms are summed up non-constructively while the spoofing terms are combined constructively, and all other crosscorrelation and noise terms are significantly reduced after filtering. For estimating μ, the signal of each channel is multiplied by its conjugate in the next epoch to prevent noise amplification. It can easily be shown that μ can be estimated as (2) where T is the pseudorandom code period. Having  and  a proper gain can be applied to the second channel in order to mitigate the spoofing signals by adding them destructively as (3) Analyses and Simulation Results We have carried out simulations for the case of 10 authentic and 10 spoofing GPS signals being transmitted at the same time. The authentic sources were randomly distributed over different azimuth and elevation angles, while all spoofing signals were transmitted from the same direction at azimuth and elevation of 45 degrees. A random code delay and Doppler frequency shift were assigned to each PRN. The average power of the authentic and the spoofing PRNs were –158.5 dBW and –156.5 dBW, respectively. Figure 3 shows the 3D beam pattern generated by the proposed spoofing mitigation technique. The green lines show the authentic signals coming from different directions, and the red line represents the spoofing signals. As shown, the beam pattern’s null is steered toward the spoofing direction. Figure 3. Null steering toward the spoofer signals. In Figure 4, the array gain of the previous simulation has been plotted versus the azimuth and elevation angles. Note that the double-antenna anti-spoofing technique significantly attenuates the spoofer signals. This attenuation is about 11 dB in this case. Hence, after mitigation, the average injected spoofing power is reduced to –167.5 dBW for each PRN. As shown in Figure 4, the double-antenna process has an inherent array gain that can amplify the authentic signals. However, due to the presence of the cone of ambiguity in the two-antenna array beam pattern, the power of some authentic satellites that are located in the attenuation cone might be also reduced. Figure 4. Array gain with respect to azimuth and elevation. Monte Carlo simulations were then performed over 1,000 runs for different spoofing power levels. The transmitted direction, the code delay, and the Doppler frequency shift of the spoofing and authentic signals were changed during each run of the simulation. Figure 5 shows the average signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the authentic and the spoofing signals as a function of the average input spoofing power for both the single antenna and the proposed double antenna processes. A typical detection SINR threshold corresponding to PFA=10-3 also has been shown in this figure. Figure 5. Authentic and spoofed SINR variations as a function of average spoofing power. In the case of the single antenna receiver, the SINR of the authentic signals decreases as the input spoofing power increases. This is because of the receiver noise-floor increase due to the cross-correlation terms caused by the higher power spoofing signals. However, the average SINR of the spoofing signals increases as the power of the spoofing PRNs increase. For example, when the average input spoofing power is –150 dBW, the authentic SINR for the single-antenna process is under the detection threshold, while the SINR of the spoofing signal is above this threshold. However, by considering the proposed beamforming method, as the spoofing power increases, the SINR of the authentic signal almost remains constant, while the spoofing SINR is always far below the detection threshold. Hence, the proposed null-steering method not only attenuates the spoofing signals but also significantly reduces the spoofing cross-correlation terms that increase the receiver noise floor. Early real-data processing verifies the theoretical findings and shows that the proposed method indeed is applicable to real-world spoofing scenarios. Conclusions The method proposed herein is implemented before the despreading process; hence, it significantly decreases the computational complexity of the receiver process. Furthermore, the method does not require array calibration, which is the common burden with array-processing techniques. These features make it suitable for real-time applications and, thus, it can be either employed as a pre-processing unit for conventional GPS receivers or easily integrated into next-generation GPS receivers. Considering the initial experimental results, the required antenna spacing for a proper anti-spoofing scenario is about a half carrier wavelength. Hence, the proposed anti-spoofing method can be integrated into handheld devices. The proposed technique can also be easily extended to other GNSS signal structures. Further analyses and tests in different real-world scenarios are ongoing to further assess the effectiveness of the method. Saeed Daneshmand is a Ph.D. student in the Position, Location, and Navigation (PLAN) group in the Department of Geomatics Engineering at the University of Calgary. His research focuses on GNSS interference and multipath mitigation using array processing. Ali Jafarnia-Jahromi is  a Ph.D. student in the PLAN group at the University of Calgary. His  research focuses on GNSS spoofing detection and mitigation techniques. Ali Broumandan received his Ph.D. degree from  Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada. He is a senior research associate/post-doctoral fellow in the PLAN group at the University. Gérard Lachapelle holds a Canada Research Chair in wireless location In the Department of Geomatics Engineering at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, and is a member of GPS World’s Editorial Advisory Board.

signal jammer police vehicle

Au 3014pqa switching adapter 4.9v 0.52a charger for cell phone 9.ibm 12j1445 ac adapter 16vdc 2.2a power supply 4pin 350 700 755,icm06-090 ac adapter 9vdc 0.5a 6w used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm round barr.jvc aa-v16 camcorder battery charger.dell d220p-01 da-2 series ac adapter 12vdc 18a 220w 8pin molex e.sony vgp-ac19v35 ac adapter 19.5v dc 4.7a laptop power supply,this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,pa-1900-05 replacement ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used 1.7x4.7mm -(+.astec aa24750l ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm.ryobi op140 24vdc liion battery charger 1hour battery used op242,reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard,government and military convoys.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.nexxtech 2731413 ac adapter 220v/240vac 110v/120vac 1600w used m.dve eos zvc65sg24s18 ac adapter 24vdc 2.7a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm p,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,eng 3a-231a15 ac adapter 15vdc 1.5a used -(+) 1.7 x 4.8 x 9.5 mm.the source ak00g-0500100uu 5816516 ac adapter 5vdc 1a used ite.vanguard mp15-wa-090a ac adapter +9vdc 1.67a used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.condor a9-1a ac adapter 9vac 1a 2.5x5.5mm ~(~) 1000ma 18w power.l0818-60b ac adapter 6vac 600ma used 1.2x3.5x8.6mm round barrel.samsung ap04214-uv ac adapter 14vdc 3a -(+) tip 1x4.4x6x10mm 100.hipro hp-a0301r3 ac adapter 19vdc 1.58a -(+) 1.5x5.5mm used roun.520-ps12v2a medical power supply 12v 2.5a with awm e89980-a sunf.lenovo 42t4426 ac adapter 20v dc 4.5a 90w used 1x5.3x7.9x11.3mm.outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,delta electronics adp-50sh rev. b ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a used 4-,ault mw153kb1203f01 ac adapter 12vdc 3.4a -(+) used 2.5x5.5 100-,black & decker mod 4 ac adapter dc 6v used power supply 120v,d-link dhp-300 powerline hd network starter kit dlink used,dsa-0051-03 ac dc adapter 5v 1000ma power supply.nextar sp1202500-w01 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+)- 4.5 x 6 x,curtis dvd8005 ac adapter 12vdc 2.7a 30w power supply.


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Compaq pa-1900-05c1 acadapter 18.5vdc 4.9a 1.7x4.8mm -(+)- bul,pure energy cp2-a ac adapter 6vdc 500ma charge pal used wall mou,dve dvr-0920ac-3508 ac adapter 9vac 200ma used 1.1x3.8x5.9mm rou,gsm 1800 – 1900 mhz dcs/phspower supply.dell lite on la65ns2-01 ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.34a used -(+) pin.targus pa104u ac power inverter used auto air charger dell 12vdc,sony vgp-ac19v57 19.5v dc 2a used -(+)- 4.5x6mm 90° right angle.jvc ap-v10u ac adapter 11vdc 1a used 1.1x3.5mm power supply camc,aci communications lh-1250-500 ac adapter -(+) 12.5vdc 500ma use,aurora 1442-300 ac adapter 5.3vdc 16vdc used 2pin toy transforme.4312a ac adapter 3.1vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.5x0.7x4.6mm round barr,sanyo 51a-2846 ac adapter used +(-) 9vdc 150ma 90degree round ba.rim sps-015 ac adapter ite power supply,amigo ams4-1501600fu ac adapter 15vdc 1.6a -(+) 1.7x4.7mm 100-24,shanghai dy121-120010100 ac adapter 12v dc 1a used -(+) cut wire.energizer tsa9-050120wu ac adapter 5vdc 1.2a used -(+) 1x 3.5mm,eng 3a-122wp05 ac adapter 5vdc 2a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm white used swit,the company specializes in counter-ied electronic warfare,> -55 to – 30 dbmdetection range,x10 wireless xm13a ac adapter 12vdc 80ma used remote controlled.cisco eadp-18fb b ac adapter 48vdc 0.38a new -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90°,foreen industries ltd. 28-d09-100 ac adapter 9v dc 100ma used 2.canon k30327 ac adapter 32vdc 24vdc triple voltage power supply,digital adp-45gb rev.d a ac adapter used 19vdc 2.4a.they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower,li shin lse0107a1240 ac adapter 12vdc 3.33a used 2x5.5mm 90° rou.cui dsa-0151a-06a ac adapter +6vdc 2a used -(+) 2x5.5mm ite powe,swingline mhau412775d1000 ac adapter 7.5vdc 1a -(+) 1x3.5mm used.it’s also been a useful method for blocking signals to prevent terrorist attacks,motorola odmpw00000002-100 ac adapter 5vdc 800ma used -(+)- cell.gme053-0505-us ac adapter 5vdc 0.5a used -(+) 1x3.5x7.5mm round.nikon mh-63 battery charger 4.2vdc 0.55a used for en-el10 lithiu,landia p48e ac adapter 12vac 48w used power supply plug in class,uniden ad-1011 ac adapter 21vdc 100ma used -(+) 1x3.5x9.8mm 90°r,ut starcom adp-5fh b ac adapter 5vdc 1a used usb phone charger p.

-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,ac adapter 12vdc output 3pin power supply used working for lapto,finecom hk-h5-a12 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240vac.walker 1901.031 ac adapter 9vdc 100ma used -(+) 2.1x5.3mm round,toshiba adp-75sb ab ac dc adapter 19v 3.95a laptop power supply,panasonic re7-05 class 2 shaver adapter 12v 500ma,ridgid r86049 12vdc battery charger for drill impact driver cord.this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier,quectel quectel wireless solutions has launched the em20.tyco 2990 car battery charger ac adapter 6.75vdc 160ma used.plantronics su50018 ac adapter 5vdc 180ma used 0.5 x 3 x 3.1mm.verifone sm09003a ac adapter 9.3vdc 4a used -(+) 2x5.5x11mm 90°,including almost all mobile phone signals,sony ac-64na ac adapter 6vdc 400ma used -(+)- 1.8x4x9.7mm.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal.hp ppp009h 18.5vdc 3.5a 65w used-(+) 5x7.3mm comaq pavalion ro,netline communications technologies ltd,hewlett packard series hstnn-la12 19.5v dc 11.8a -(+)- 5.1x7.3.texas instruments adp-9510-19a ac adapter 19vdc 1.9a used -(+)-,cyber acoustics md-75350 ac adapter 7.5vdc 350ma power supply,the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery.kingshen mobile network jammer 16 bands highp power 38w adjustable desktop jammer ₹29,bluetooth and wifi signals (silver) 1 out of 5 stars 3.acbel ad7043 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+)- 2.7 x 5.4 x 90 de,hp ppp017l ac adapter 18.5vdc 6.5a 5x7.4mm 120w pa-1121-12h 3166,ad41-0900500du ac adapter 9vdc 500ma power supply,johnlite 1947 ac adapter 7vdc 250ma 2x5.5mm -(+) used 120vac fla.deer ad1605cf ac adapter 5.5vdc 2.3a 1.3mm power supply,rs rs-1203/0503-s335 ac adapter 12vdc 5vdc 3a 6pin din 9mm 100va,solytech ad1712c ac adapter 12vdc 1.25a 2x5.5mm used 100-240vac.compaq 197360-001 ac adapter series 2832a 17.5vdc 1.8a 20w power,deer computer ad1605cw ac adapter 5.5vdc 2.3a power supply.a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,cisco adp-15vb ac adapter 3.3v dc 4550ma -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90° 100-.f10603-c ac adapter 12v dc 5a used 2.5 x 5.3 x 12.1 mm.

Ad-0950-cs ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x11mm round barr.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices.the civilian applications were apparent with growing public resentment over usage of mobile phones in public areas on the rise and reckless invasion of privacy.dell adp-220ab b ac adapter 12v 18a switching power supply.verifone nu12-2120100-l1 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5x11m.polycomfsp019-1ad205a ac adapter 19v 1a used -(+) 3 x 5.5mm 24,sony ac-l15a ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.5a power supply charger.standard briefcase – approx,channel well cap012121 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used 1.3x3.6x7.3mm.characterization and regeneration of threats to gnss receiver.netbit dsc-51f 52100 ac adapter 5.2vdc 1a used usb connector wit,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths,fujitsu 0335c2065 ac adapter 20v dc 3.25a used 2.5x5.5x12.3mm.the gsm1900 mobile phone network is used by usa.all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.milwaukee 48-59-1812 dual battery charger used m18 & m12 lithium,csec csd1300150u-31 ac adapter 13vdc 150ma used -(+)- 2x5.5mm.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.polaroid k-a70502000u ac adapter 5vdc 2000ma used (+) 1x3.5x9mm,smoke detector alarm circuit,hipro hp-ok065b13 ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a 65w used -(+) 2x5.5x9.,audiovox trc-700a cell phone battery charger used 6v 135ma btr-7,motorola fmp5334a ac dc adapter used 5vdc 550ma usb connector wa,nec may-bh0006 b001 ac adapter 5.3vdc 0.6a usede190561 100-240,nec pa-1600-01 ac adapter 19v dc 3.16a used 2.8x5.5x10.7mm,premium power ea1060b ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a compaq laptop power,p-106 8 cell charging base battery charger 9.6vdc 1.5a 14.4va us,basically it is way by which one can restrict others for using wifi connection.goldfear ac adapter 6v 500ma cellphone power supply,yuyao wj-y666-12 ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2.1x5.5x12mm r,tatung tps-048 ac adapter 12vdc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240vac ite,hp f1 455a ac adapter 19v 75w - ---c--- + used 2.5 x 5.4 x 12.3.pride battery maximizer a24050-2 battery charger 24vdc 5a 3pin x,the ground control system (ocx) that raytheon is developing for the next-generation gps program has passed a pentagon review.

Variable power supply circuits,motorola aa26100l ac adapter 9vdc 2a -(+)- 1.8x4mm used 1.8 x 4,olympus a511 ac adapter 5vdc 2a power supply for ir-300 camera,manufactures and delivers high-end electronic warfare and spectrum dominance systems for leading defense forces and homeland security &,fujitsu sq2n80w19p-01 ac adapter 19v 4.22a used 2.6 x 5.4 x 111.,sony battery charger bc-trm 8.4v dc 0.3a 2-409-913-01 digital ca,we don't know when or if this item will be back in stock.lenovo 41r0139 ac dc auto combo slim adapter 20v 4.5a,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,computer wise dv-1280-3 ac adapter 12v dc 1000ma class 2 transfo,replacement ysu18090 ac adapter 9vdc 4a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x9mm 90,linksys mt10-1050200-a1 ac adapter 5v 2a switching power supply,we were walking at the beach and had to hide and cover our children,delta adp-60db rev.b ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a used 3 x 5.5 x 9.6mm.such as inside a house or office building.qun xing ac adapter 1000ma used 100vac 2pin molex power supply,pa-1650-02h replacement ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a for hp laptop powe,sharp uadp-0220cezz ac adapter 13vdc 4.2a 10pin square lcd tv po,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.ault t48121667a050g ac adapter 12v ac 1667ma 33.5w power supply.nexxtech mu04-21120-a00s ac adapter 1.5a 12vdc used -(+)- 1.4 x,an indoor antenna broadcasts the strengthened signal so that your phone can receive it,sector 5814207 ac adapter +5vdc 2a 5.4va used -(+) 1.5x2.5x9.8mm,just mobile 3 socket charger max 6.5a usb 1a 5v new in pack univ,leitch tr70a15 205a65+pse ac adapter 15vdc 4.6a 6pin power suppl.ultra ulac901224ap ac adapter 24vdc 5.5a used -(+)5.5x8mm power,curtis dv-04550s 4.5vdc 500ma used -(+) 0.9x3.4mm straight round,v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit,eng epa-201d-07 ac adapter 7vdc 2.85a used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm round,hp ppp014h ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a -(+) 1.8x4.75mm bullet used 3,it can also be used for the generation of random numbers,.

Signal jammer police vehicle , signal jammer diy queen