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The Universal Software Radio Peripheral as RF Front-End By Ningyan Guo, Staffan Backén, and Dennis Akos The authors designed a full-constellation GNSS receiver, using a cost-effective, readily available, flexible front-end, wide enough to capture the frequency from 1555 MHz to 1607 MHz, more than 50MHz. This spectrum width takes into account BeiDou E2, Galileo E1, GPS L1, and GLONASS G1. In the course of their development, the authors used an external OCXO oscillator as the reference clock and reconfigured the platform, developing their own custom wide-band firmware. The development of the Galileo and BeiDou constellations will make many more GNSS satellite measurements be available in the near future. Multiple constellations offer wide-area signal coverage and enhanced signal redundancy. Therefore, a wide-band multi-constellation receiver can typically improve GNSS navigation performance in terms of accuracy, continuity, availability, and reliability. Establishing such a wide-band multi-constellation receiver was the motivation for this research. A typical GNSS receiver consists of three parts: RF front-end, signal demodulation, and generation of navigation information. The RF front-end mainly focuses on amplifying the input RF signals, down-converting them to an intermediate frequency (IF), and filtering out-of-band signals. Traditional hardware-based receivers commonly use application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) units to fulfill signal demodulation and transfer the range and carrier phase measurements to the navigation generating part, which is generally implemented in software. Conversely, software-based receivers typically implement these two functions through software. In comparison to a hardware-based receiver, a software receiver provides more flexibility and supplies more complex signal processing algorithms. Therefore, software receivers are increasingly popular for research and development. The frequency coverage range, amplifier performance, filters, and mixer properties of the RF front-end will determine the whole realization of the GNSS receiver. A variety of RF front-end implementations have emerged during the past decade. Real down-conversion multi-stage IF front-end architecture typically amplifies filters and mixes RF signals through several stages in order to get the baseband signals. However, real down-conversion can bring image-folding and rejection. To avoid these drawbacks, complex down-conversion appears to resolve much of these problems. Therefore, a complex down-conversion multi-stage IF front-end has been developed. But it requires a high-cost, high-power supply, and is larger for a multi-stage IF front-end. This shortcoming is overcome by a direct down-conversion architecture. This front-end has lower cost; but there are several disadvantages with direct down-conversion, such as DC offset and I/Q mismatch. DC offset is caused by local oscillation (LO) leakage reflected from the front-end circuit, the antenna, and the receiver external environment. A comparison of current traditional RF front-ends and different RF front-end implementation types led us to the conclusion that one model of a universal software radio peripheral, the USRP N210, would make an appropriate RF front end option. USRP N210 utilizes a low-IF complex direct down-conversion architecture that has several favorable properties, enabling developers to build a wide range of RF reception systems with relatively low cost and effort. It also offers high-speed signal processing. Most importantly, the source code of USRP firmware is open to all users, enabling researchers to rapidly design and implement powerful, flexible, reconfigurable software radio systems. Therefore, we chose the USRP N210 as our reception device to develop our wide-band multi-constellation GNSS receiver, shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Custom wide-band multi-constellation software receiver architecture based on universal software radio peripheral (USRP). USRP Front-End Architecture The USRP N210 front-end has wider band-width and radio frequency coverage in contrast with other traditional front-ends as shown by the comparison in Table 1. It has the potential to implement multiple frequencies and multiple-constellation GNSS signal reception. Moreover, it performs higher quantization, and the onboard Ethernet interface offers high-speed data transfer. Table 1. GNSS front-ends comparison. USRP N210 is based on the direct low-IF complex down-conversion receiver architecture that is a combination of the traditional analog complex down-conversion implemented on daughter boards and the digital signal conditioning conducted in the motherboard. Some studies have shown that the low-IF complex down-conversion receiver architecture overcomes some of the well-known issues associated with real down-conversion super heterodyne receiver architecture and direct IF down-conversion receiver architecture, such as high cost, image-folding, DC offset, and I/Q mismatch. The low-IF receiver architecture effectively lessens the DC offset by having an LO frequency after analog complex down-conversion. The first step uses a direct complex down-conversion scheme to transform the input RF signal into a low-IF signal. The filters located after the mixer are centered at the low-IF to filter out the unwanted signals. The second step is to further down-covert the low-IF signal to baseband, or digital complex down-conversion. Similar to the first stage, a digital half band filter has been developed to filter out-of-band interference. Therefore, direct down-conversion instead of multi-stage IF down-conversion overcomes the cost problem; in the meantime, the signal is down-converted to low-IF instead of base-band frequency as in the direct down-conversion receiver, so the problem of the DC offset is also avoided in the low-IF receiver. These advantages make the USRP N210 platform an attractive option as GNSS receiver front-end. Figure 2 shows an example GNSS signal-streaming path schematic on a USRP N210 platform with a DBSRX2 daughter board. Figure 3 shows a photograph of internal structure of a USRP N210 platform. Figure 2 GNSS signal streaming on USRP N210 + DBSRX2 circuit. Figure 3. USRP N210 internal structure. The USRP N210 platform includes a main board and a daughterboard. In the main board, 14-bit high precision analog-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-analog converters (DACs) permit wide-band signals covering a high dynamic range. The core of the main board is a high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) that allows high-speed signal processing. The FPGA configuration implements down-conversion of the baseband signals to a zero center frequency, decimates the sampled signals, filtering out-of-band components, and finally transmits them through a packet router to the Ethernet port. The onboard numerically controlled oscillator generates the digital sinusoid used by the digital down-conversion process. A cascaded integrator-comb (CIC) filter serves as decimator to down-sample the signal. The signals are filtered by a half pass filter for rejecting the out-of-band signals. A Gigabit Ethernet interface effectively enables the delivery of signals out of the USRP N210, up to 25MHz of RF bandwidth. In the daughterboard, first the RF signals are amplified, then the signals are mixed by a local onboard oscillator according to a complex down-conversion scheme. Finally, a band-pass filter is used remove the out-of-band signals. Several available daughter boards can perform signal conditioning and tuning implementation. It is important to choose an appropriate daughter board, given the requirements for the data collection. A support driver called Universal Hardware Driver (UHD) for the USRP hardware, under Linux, Windows and Mac OS X, is an open-source driver that contains many convenient assembly tools. To boot and configure the whole system, the on-board microprocessor digital signal processor (DSP) needs firmware, and the FPGA requires images. Firmware and FPGA images are downloaded into the USRP platform based on utilizations provided by the UHD. Regarding the source of firmware and FPGA images, there are two methods to obtain them: directly use the binary release firmware and images posted on the web site of the company; build (and potentially modify) the provided source code. USRP Testing and Implementation Some essential testing based on the original configuration of the USRP N210 platform provided an understanding of its architecture, which was necessary to reconfigure its firmware and to set up the wide-band, multi-constellation GNSS receiver. We collected some real GPS L1 data with the USRP N210 as RF front-end. When we processed these GPS L1 data using a software-defined radio (SDR), we encountered a major issue related to tracking, described in the following section. Onboard Oscillator Testing. A major problem with the USRP N210 is that its internal temperature-controlled crystal oscillator (TCXO) is not stable in terms of frequency. To evaluate this issue, we recorded some real GPS L1 data and processed the data with our software receiver. As shown in Figure 4, this issue results in the loss of GPS carrier tracking loop at 3.18 seconds, when the carrier loop bandwidth is 25Hz. Figure 4. GPS carrier loop loss of lock. Consequently, we adjusted the carrier loop bandwidth up to 100Hz; then GPS carrier tracking is locked at the same timing (3.18s), shown in Figure 5, but there is an almost 200 Hz jump in less than 5 milliseconds. Figure 5. GPS carrier loop lock tracking. As noted earlier, the daughter card of the USRP N210 platform utilizes direct IF complex down-conversion to tune GNSS RF signals. The oscillator of the daughter board generates a sinusoid signal that serves as mixer to down-convert input GNSS RF signals to a low IF signal. Figure 6 illustrates the daughter card implementation. The drawback of this architecture is that it may bring in an extra frequency shift by the unstable oscillator. The configuration of the daughter-card oscillator is implemented by an internal TCXO clock, which is on the motherboard. Unfortunately, the internal TCXO clock has coarse resolution in terms of frequency adjustments. This extra frequency offset multiplies the corresponding factor that eventually provides mixer functionality to the daughter card. This approach can directly lead to a large frequency offset to the mixer, which is brought into the IF signals. Figure 6. Daughter-card tuning implementation. Finally, when we conduct the tracking operation through the software receiver, this large frequency offset is beyond the lock range of a narrow, typically desirable, GNSS carrier tracking loop, as shown in Figure 4. In general, a TCXO is preferred when size and power are critical to the application. An oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) is a more robust product in terms of frequency stability with varying temperature. Therefore, for the USRP N210 onboard oscillator issue, it is favorable to use a high-quality external OCXO as the basic reference clock when using USRP N210 for GNSS applications. Front-End Daughter-Card Options. A variety of daughter-card options exist to amplify, mix, and filter RF signals. Table 2 lists comparison results of three daughter cards (BURX, DBSRX and DBSRX2) to supply some guidance to researchers when they are faced with choosing the correct daughter-board. Table 2. Front-end daughter-card options. The three daughter cards have diverse properties, such as the primary ASIC, frequency coverage range, filter bandwidth and adjustable gain. BURX gives wider radio frequency coverage than DBSRX and DBSRX2. DBSRX2 offers the widest filter bandwidth among the three options. To better compare the performance of the three daughter cards, we conducted another three experiments. In the first, we directly connected the RF port with a terminator on the USRP N210 platform to evaluate the noise figure on the three daughter cards. From Figure 7, we can draw some conclusions: BURX has a better sensitivity than DBSRX and DBSRX2 when the gain is set below 30dB. DBSRX2 observes feedback oscillation when the gain set is higher than 70dB. Figure 7. Noise performance comparisons of three daughter cards. The second experimental setup configuration used a USRP N210 platform, an external OCXO oscillator to provide stable reference clock, and a GPS simulator to evaluate the C/N0 performance of the three daughter boards. The input RF signals are identical, as they come from the same configuration of the GPS simulator. Figure 8 illustrates the C/N0 performance comparison based on this experimental configuration. The figure shows that BURX performs best, with DBSRX2 just slightly behind, while DBSRX has a noise figure penalty of 4dB. Figure 8. C/N0 performance comparisons of three daughter cards. In the third experiment, we added an external amplifier to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). From Figure 9, we see that the BURX, DBSRX and DBSRX2 have the same C/N0 performance, effectively validating the above conclusion. Thus, an external amplifier is recommended when using the DBSRX or DBSRX2 daughter boards. Figure 9. C/N0 performance comparisons of three daughter cards with an external amplifier. The purpose of these experiments was to find a suitable daughter board for collecting wide-band multi-constellation GNSS RF signals. The important qualities of an appropriate wide-band multi-constellation GNSS receiver are: high sensitivity; wide filter bandwidth; and wide frequency range. After a comparison of the three daughter boards, we found that the BURX has a better noise figure than the DBSRX or DBSRX2. The overall performance of the BURX and DBSRX2 are similar however. Using an external amplifier effectively decreases the required gain on all three daughter cards, which correspondingly reduces the effect of the internal thermal noise and enhances the signal noise ratio. As a result, when collecting real wide-band multi-constellation GNSS RF signals, it is preferable to use an external amplifier. To consider recording GNSS signals across a 50MHz band, DBSRX2 provides the wider filter bandwidth among the three daughter-card options, and thus we selected it as a suitable daughter card. Custom Wide-band Firmware Development. When initially implementing the wideband multi-constellation GNSS reception devices based on the USRP N210 platform, we found a shortcoming in the default configuration of this architecture, whose maximum bandwidth is 25MHz. It is not wide enough to record 50MHz multi-constellation GNSS signals (BeiDou E2, GPS L1, Galileo E1, and GlonassG1). A 50MHz sampling rate (in some cases as much as 80 MHz) is needed to demodulate the GNSS satellites’ signals. Meanwhile since the initiation of the research, the USRP manufacturer developed and released a 50MHz firmware. To highlight our efforts, we further modified the USRP N210 default configuration to increase the bandwidth up to 100MHz, which has the potential to synchronously record multi-constellation multi-frequency GNSS signals (Galileo E5a and E5b, GPS L5 and L2) for further investigation of other multi-constellation applications, such as ionospheric dispersion within wideband GNSS signals, or multi-constellation GNSS radio frequency compatibility and interoperability. Apart from reprogramming the host driver, we focused on reconfiguring the FPGA firmware. With the aid of anatomizing signal flow in the FPGA, we obtained a particular realization method of augmenting its bandwidth. Figure 10 shows the signal flow in the FPGA of the USRP N210 architecture. Figure 10. Signal flow in the FPGA of the USRP N210 platform. The ADC produces 14-bit sampled data. After the digital down-conversion implementation in the FPGA, 16-bit complex I/Q sample data are available for the packet transmitting step. According to the induction document of the USRP N210 platform, VITA Radio Transport Protocol functions as an overall framework in the FPGA to provide data transmission and to implement an infrastructure that maintains sample-accurate alignment of signal data. After significant processing in the VITA chain, 36-bit data is finally given to the packet router. The main function of the packet router is to transfer sample data without any data transformation. Finally, through the Gigabit Ethernet port, the host PC receives the complex sample data. In an effort to widen the bandwidth of the USRP N210 platform, the bit depth needs to be reduced, which cuts 16-bit complex I/Q sample data to a smaller length, such as 8-bit, 4-bit, or even 2-bit, to solve the problem. By analyzing Figure 10, to fulfill the project’s demanding requirements, modification to the data should be performed after ADC sampling, but before the digital down-conversion. We directly extract the 4-bit most significant bits (MSBs) from the ADC sampling data and combined eight 4-bit MSB into a new 16-bit complex I/Q sample, and gave this custom sample data to the packet router, increasing the bandwidth to 100 MHz. Wide-Band Receiver Performance Analysis. The custom USRP N210-based wide-band multi-constellation GNSS data reception experiment is set up as shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. Wide-band multi-constellation GNSS data recording system. A wide-band antenna collected the raw GNSS data, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. An external amplifier was included to decrease the overall noise figure. An OCXO clock was used as the reference clock of the USRP N210 system. After we found the times when Galileo and BeiDou satellites were visible from our location, we first tested the antenna and external amplifier using a commercial receiver, which provided a reference position. Then we used 1582MHz as the reception center frequency and issued the corresponding command on the host computer to start collecting the raw wide-band GNSS signals. By processing the raw wide-band GNSS data through our software receiver, we obtained the acquisition results from all constellations shown in Figure 12; and tracking results displayed in Figure 13. Figure 12. Acquisition results for all constellations. Figure 13. Tracking results for all constellations. We could not do the full-constellation position solution because Galileo was not broadcasting navigation data at the time of the collection and the ICD for BeiDou had not yet been released. Therefore, respectively using GPS and GLONASS tracking results, we provided the position solution and timing information that are illustrated in Figure 14 and in Figure 15. Figure 14. GPS position solution and timing information. Figure 15. GLONASS position solution. Conclusions By processing raw wide-band multi-constellation GNSS signals through our software receiver, we successfully acquired and tracked satellites from the four constellations. In addition, since we achieved 100MHz bandwidth, we can also simultaneously capture modernized GPS and Galileo signals (L5 and L2; E5a and E5b, 1105–1205 MHz). In future work, a longer raw wide-band GNSS data set will be recorded and used to determine the user position leveraging all constellations. Also an urban collection test will be done to assess/demonstrate that multiple constellations can effectively improve the reliability and continuity of GNSS navigation. Acknowledgment The first author’s visiting stay to conduct her research at University of Colorado is funded by China Scholarship Council, File No. 2010602084. This article is based on a paper presented at the Institute of Navigation International Technical Conference 2013 in San Diego, California. Manufacturers The USRP N210 is manufactured by Ettus Research. The core of the main board is a high-speed Xilinx Spartan 3A DSP FPGA. Ettus Research provides a support driver called Universal Hardware Driver (UHD) for the USRP hardware. A wide-band Trimble antenna was used in the final experiment. Ningyan Guo is a Ph.D. candidate at Beihang University, China. She is currently a visiting scholar at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Staffan Backén is a postdoctoral researcher at University of Colorado at Boulder. He received a Ph.D. in in electrical engineering from Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Dennis Akos completed a Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Ohio University. He is an associate professor in the Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department at the University of Colorado at Boulder with visiting appointments at Luleå University of Technology and Stanford University
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Samsung atads10jbe ac adapter 5v dc 0.7a used usb pin cellphone,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display,sima sup-60 universal power adapter 9.5v 1.5a for camcorder.jsd jsd-2710-050200 ac adapter 5v dc 2a used 1.7x4x8.7mm.plantronics ssa-5w-05 0us 050018f ac adapter 5vdc 180ma used usb.li shin lse0107a1240 ac adapter 12vdc 3.33a -(+)- 2x5.5mm 100-24,samsung sad1212 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used-(+) 1.5x4x9mm power sup.ksas0100500150hu ac adapter5v dc 1.5a new -(+) 1.5x4x8.7 stra.ault pw160 +12v dc 3.5a used -(+)- 1.4x3.4mm ite power supply,they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower.nokia ac-8e ac adapter 5v dc 890ma european cell phone charger.circuit-test std-09006u ac adapter 9vdc 0.6a 5.4w used -(+) 2x5.,rd1200500-c55-8mg ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm rou.dve eos zvc65sg24s18 ac adapter 24vdc 2.7a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm p,this circuit is very efficient to ….due to the high total output power,soneil 2403srm30 ac adapter +24vdc 1.5a used 3pin battery charge.phihong psa31u-050 ac adapter 5vdc 4a used -(+)- 5 pin din ite p.5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma,by this wide band jamming the car will remain unlocked so that governmental authorities can enter and inspect its interior,a cell phone signal booster uses an outdoor antenna to search for cell phone signals in the area,ron gear rgd35-03006 ac adapter 3vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.15x2.5x10.nissyo bt-201 voltage auto converter 100v ac 18w my-pet,ad467912 multi-voltage car adapter 12vdc to 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9 v dc.these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas,eng epa-301dan-12 12vdc 2.5a switch-mode power supply,hppa-1121-12h ac adapter 18.5vdc 6.5a 2.5x5.5mm -(+) used 100-,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely.xp power ecm100uq43 psu 5vdc 10a open frame 80w power supply qua,sceptre ad2405g ac adapter 5vdc 3.8a used 2.2 x 5.6 x 12.1 mm -(,lenovo adp-65kh b ac adapter 20vdc 3.25a -(+)- 2.5x5.5x12.5mm,normally he does not check afterwards if the doors are really locked or not,vswr over protectionconnections,wowson wdd-131cbc ac adapter 12vdc 2a 2x5.5mm -(+)- power supply.ault bvw12225 ac adapter 14.7vdc 2.25a used safco snap on connec,ault 5305-712-413a09 ac adapter 12v 5vdc 0.13a 0.5a power supply,delta adp-50sb ac adapter 19v 2.64a notebook powersupply,sony vgp-ac19v10 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.7a notebook power supply.it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,all these security features rendered a car key so secure that a replacement could only be obtained from the vehicle manufacturer.
Chd scp0500500p ac adapter 5vdc 500ma used -(+)- 0.5 x 2.4 x 9 m,aqualities spu45e-105 ac adapter 12vdc 3a used 2 shielded wire,tech std-1225 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+) 2.3x5.5x9.8mm roun.zone of silence [cell phone jammer ],butterfly labs ac adapter 13vdc 31a 2x 6pin pci-e bfl power supp,belkin f5d4076-s v1 powerline network adapter 1 port used 100-12,sinpro spu65-102 ac adapter 5-6v 65w used cut wire 100-240v~47-6,u.s. robotics tesa1-150080 ac adapter 15vdc 0.8a power supply sw,1km at rs 35000/set in new delhi.the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment,motorola psm4940c ac adapter 5.9vdc 400ma used -(+) 2 pin usb,5v 400ma ac adapter travel cellphone charger used mini usb 100-2,41-9-450d ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm round barr.dymo dsa-65w-2 24060 ac adapter 24vdc 2.5a label writer.aopen a10p1-05mp ac adapter 22v 745ma i.t.e power supply for gps.so that the jamming signal is more than 200 times stronger than the communication link signal,econmax ia-bh130lb valueline battery charger aa-ma9 samsung smx,acbel ada017 ac adapter 12vdc 3.33a used -(+) 2.5x6.2x9mm round,kinetronics sc102ta2400f01 ac adapter 24vdc 0.75a used 6pin 9mm.viewsonic adp-80ab ac adapter 12vdc 6.67a 3.3x6.4mm -(+)- power,ault p57241000k030g ac adapter 24vdc 1a -(+) 1x3.5mm 50va power.which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication,eng 3a-161wp05 ac adapter 5vdc 2.6a -(+) 2x5.5mm used 100vac swi,datalogic sa115b-12u ac adapter 12vdc 1a used +(-) 2x5.5x11.8mm,bellsouth sa41-57a ac adapter 9vdc 400ma used -(+) 2x5.5x12mm 90,thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication,liteon pa-1460-19ac ac adapter 19vdc 2.4a power supply,it can be configured by using given command.41t-d09-500 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma 2x5.5mm -(+) 90° 9w power supp.additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.u075015a12v ac adapter 7.5vac 150ma used ~(~) 2x5.5x10mm 90 degr.delta hp adp-15fb ac adapter 12v dc 1.25a power supply pin insid.it's compatible with all major carriers to boost 4g lte and 3g signals.acbel api4ad19 ac adapter 15vdc 5a laptop power supply.handheld cell phone jammer can block gsm 3g mobile cellular signal,sonigem ad-0001 ac adapter 9vdc 210ma used -(+) cut wire class 2.110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption.making it ideal for apartments and small homes,viper pa1801 1 hour battery charger 20.5vdc 1.4a charging base c.aurora 1442-200 ac adapter 4v 14vdc used power supply 120vac 12w,cellet tcnok6101x ac adapter 4.5-9.5v 0.8a max used.
Phihong psm25r-560 ac adapter 56vdc 0.45a used rj45 ethernet swi,pride mobility elechg1024 ea1089a ac acid battery charger adapte.black&decker ua-0602 ac adapter 6vac 200ma used 3x6.5mm 90° roun,premium power pa3083u-1aca ac adapter 15v dc 5a power supply,ad3230 ac adapter 5vdc 3a used 1.7x3.4x9.3mm straight round.creative sw-0920a ac adapter 9vdc 2a used 1.8x4.6x9.3mm -(+)- ro.where shall the system be used,igo 6630076-0100 ac adapter 19.5vdc 90w max used 1.8x5.5x10.7mm.hy-512 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm round barrel cla.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1.radioshack 23-321 ac adapter 12v dc 280ma used 2-pin atx connect,tec b-211-chg-qq ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.8a battery charger,hp ppp016c ac adapter 18.5vdc 6.5a 120w used,battery charger for hitachi dvd cam dz-bx35a dz-acs3 ac new one,how a cell phone signal booster works,creative ud-1540 ac adapter dc 15v 4a ite power supplyconditio.motorola cell phone battery charger used for droid x bh5x mb810.due to its sympathectomy-like vasodilation promoting blood,game elements gsps214 car adapter for playstaion 2condition: n.delta adp-90fb rev.e ac adapter 19vdc 4.7a used 3 x 5.5 x 11.8mm,sagemcom nbs24120200vu ac adapter 12vdc 2a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 9.remington pa600a ac dc adapter 12v dc 640ma power supply.the new system features a longer wear time on the sensor (10 days),grundig nt473 ac adapter 3.1vdc 0.35a 4vdc 0.60a charging unit l,daino lite limited dmpi60 ac adapter 12vac 60va 2pin transformer.sunny sys1298-1812-w2 ac dc adapter 12v 1a 12w 1.1mm power suppl,delta adp-10sb rev.h ac adapter 5vdc 2a 2x5.5mm hp compaq hewlet.failure to comply with these rules may result in,ac car adapter phone charger 2x5.5x9.5cm 90°right angle round ba.cisco 16000 ac adapter 48vdc 380ma used -(+)- 2.5 x 5.5 x 10.2 m,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,hp compaq ppp009l ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a used -(+) with pin ins.shen zhen zfxpa01500090 ac adapter 9vdc 1.5a used -(+) 0.5 x 2.5,rocketfish rf-bprac3 ac adapter 15-20v/5a 90w used,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter.esaw 450-31 ac adapter 3,4.5,6,7.5,9-12vdc 300ma used switching,purtek bdi7220 ac adapter 9vdc 2a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x10mm 90° rou.discover our range of iot modules.neuling mw1p045fv reverse voltage ac converter foriegn 45w 230v,atlinks 5-2418a ac adapter 9vac 400ma ~(~) 2x5.5mm 90° used 120v.
Lite-on pa-1650-02 19v 3.42a ac dc adapter power supply acer,dve dsa-0421s-12330 ac adapter 13v 3.8a switching power supply.remington wdf-6000c shaver base cradle charger charging stand,sony ac-l 200d ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.5a 4x6mm used for digital cam.which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,ad-1820 ac adapter 18vdc 200ma used 2.5x5.5x12mm -(+)-,li shin 0317a19135 ac adapter 19vdc 7.1a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-2.lg sta-p53wr ac adapter 5.6v 0.4a direct plug in poweer supply c,lenovo 42t5276 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a 90w used -(+)- 5.6x7.8mm st.sunbeam pac-214 style 85p used 3pin remote wired controller 110v.aplha concord dv-1215a ac adapter 12vac,bi bi05-060080-bdu ac adapter 6vdc 800ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm rou.the ability to integrate with the top radar detectors from escort enables user to double up protection on the road without,panasonic eb-ca10 ac adapter 7vdc 600ma used 1.5 x 3.4 x 9 mm st,hauss mann 5105-18-2 (uc) 21.7v dc 1.7a charger power supply use.cambridge soundworks tead-66-132500u ac adapter 13.5vdc 2.5a,in this tutroial im going to say about how to jam a wirless network using websploit in kali linux,hp adp-65hb n193 bc ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a used -(+) ppp009d,merkury f550 1 hour sony f550 rapid lithium ion battery charger.hp compaq ppp014s ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a used 2.5x5.5mm 90° rou,goldfear ac adapter 6v 500ma cellphone power supply,gemini dcu090050 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+)- 2.5x5.4mm stra,condor d12-10-1000 ac adapter 12vdc 1a -(+)- used 2.5x5.5mm stra,toshiba pa3048u-1aca ac adapter 15vdc 4a used -(+) 3x6.5mm round.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions.samsung sbc-l5 battery charger used 4.2v 415ma class 2 power sup.sparkle power fsp019-1ad205a ac adapter 19vdc 1a used 3 x5.5mm,hp ppp012h-s ac adapter 19v dc 4.74a 90w used 1x5.2x7.4x12.5mm s..
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